2019-11-07

狂犬病(30)：南北アメリカ、アメリカ(フロリダ州、ノースカロライナ州)ネコ、キツネ、犬、人曝露

※ProMEDに投稿された世界の狂犬病情報を和訳してご紹介します。和訳は正確を期していますが、必ず原文をご参照下さい。

RABIES (30): AMERICAS, USA (FLORIDA, NORTH CAROLINA) CAT, FOX, DOG,
HUMAN EXPOSURE

In this update:
[1] Florida - cat, human exposure
[2] North Carolina - fox, dog, human exposure
今回の記事は

（１）フロリダ：猫、ヒト暴露
（２）ノースカロライナ：キツネ、犬、ヒト暴露

******
[1] Florida - cat, human exposure
Date: 25 May 2019
Source: Pensacola News Journal [edited] <https://eu.pnj.com/story/news/2019/05/25/stray-cat-rabies-attacks-2-escambia-county-leads-warning/1240438001/>
（１）フロリダ：猫、ヒト暴露

月日：2019年5月25日
情報源：ペンサコーラ・ニュースジャーナル

Health department officials are urging Escambia County residents and visitors to protect themselves from rabies exposure by avoiding contact with wild and stray animals after a rabid cat attacked 2 people.
健康部行政は１匹のネコが２人のヒトを襲った事例を受けてEscambia郡の住民と訪問者に対し、狂犬病暴露から自身を守るために野生動物や野良の動物に接触することを避けるよう警報を発した。

A stray cat recently attacked 2 individuals in Escambia County, and tissue samples from the animal tested at the state laboratory confirmed the presence of the rabies virus, according to a news release from the Florida Department of Health (FDOH) in Escambia County.
FDOH（フロリダ州健康局）エスカンビア郡からの報道によると、エスカンビア郡において、1頭のネコが2人のヒトを襲い、そのネコの組織サンプルは州の研究所において狂犬病ウイルス陽性と確定されたとのことである。

Rabies is a viral disease that infects the central nervous system. Without proper treatment, rabies can cause brain infection and death. It is transmitted by a rabid animal through a bite, a scratch, or bycontact with mucous membranes such as the eyes, nose or mouth.
狂犬病は中枢神経系を侵すウイルス性疾患である。適切な治療がなされない場合、狂犬病（ウイルス）は脳に感染し死を招く。ウイルスは狂犬病罹患動物から、咬む・ひっかく、あるいは眼・鼻・口のような粘膜から感染する。

Dr. John J. Lanza, director of the FDOH-Escambia, stressed that while rabies is a fatal infection, it is preventable. Rabies shots can protect a bite victim from developing the rabies infection if given soon after the bite occurs.
FDOH-エスカンビア支所の長官であるDr. John J. Lanzaは、狂犬病が致死的ではあるが防止可能な感染症であることを強調している。狂犬病暴露後免疫は咬傷後なるべく早い時期に開始されれば受傷者を狂犬病から守ることができる。

"It is important to not feed or pet wild and stray animals, to avoid animals appearing to be acting strangely, and to keep pets vaccinated against rabies," he said in a prepared statement. "Persons who arebitten by a wild animal or an animal who has not been vaccinated against rabies should seek immediate medical care. Proper medical treatment of an animal bite can be life-saving" [Medical attention may still be necessary for the bitten person, even if the animal is appropriately vaccinated. - Mod.TG].
「野生動物・放浪動物にエサを与えない、触らない、奇妙な行動を示す動物を避ける、そして自身のペットに狂犬病の予防注射を行うことは重要です。」と彼は前もって準備された声明の中で述べている。

「野生動物や狂犬病ワクチンを打っていない動物に咬まれた人は迅速に医療措置を求めるべきです。動物の咬傷に対して適切な医学的治療を行えば、命を救うことができます。」【適切にワクチン接種を受けている動物であっても、咬傷被害者への医学的注意喚起はなおも必要である。】

In Florida, raccoons, foxes, bats and cats are the animals most frequently diagnosed with rabies. Other animals at high risk for rabies include dogs, bobcats, skunks and otters. Because of their proximity to people, stray and unvaccinated cats and dogs pose a special risk.
フロリダにおいては、アライグマ、キツネ、コウモリ、ネコが最も多く狂犬病と診断される動物である。犬を含め、ボブキャット、スカンク、カワウソも狂犬病についてハイリスクである。放浪し、狂犬病予防接種を受けていない猫や犬は、ヒトに近い存在であるため特にリスクが高い。

To protect yourself and your loved ones against rabies, follow these steps:
あなた自身やあなたの愛する人を狂犬病から守るために、次の事項を守ってほしい。

- Teach your children not to go near wild and stray animals, and never keep them as pets.

・子供たちに野生動物や放浪動物に近づかないよう、そしてペットとして飼わないように教えること。
- Vaccinate your dog, cat, ferret or horse to protect against rabies. Keep vaccinations up-to-date.

・あなたの飼い犬・飼い猫・フェレット・馬にワクチン接種を行うこと。ワクチン接種は定期的に実施すること。
- Do not feed your pets outside. The food may attract wild animals.

・あなたのペットに屋外で餌を与えないこと。食べ物は野生動物を引きつけてしまう。
- Make sure your garbage is securely covered. Open garbage attracts wild and stray animals.

・生ごみにはしっかりと蓋をして保管すること。むき出しの生ごみは野生動物や放浪動物を引きつける元となる。
- Spay or neuter your pet to reduce its tendency to roam or fight. Do not let your pets roam freely or allow them to interact with wild or stray animals. Keep them in a fenced yard or on a leash.
放浪したり争ったりする傾向を減らすために、ペットには去勢・不妊手術をすること。ペットを自由に放浪させたり、野生動物や放浪動物と接触したりさせないこと。ペットはフェンスで囲った庭やリードでつないでおくべきである。

- Call County Animal Control to remove stray animals from your neighborhood.

・近隣の放浪動物を排除するために、郡の動物保護センターに連絡すること。
- Prevent bats from entering living quarters or occupied spaces in homes, churches, schools and other similar areas, where they might come into contact with people and pets.
・コウモリはヒトやペットに接触するかもしれないので、コウモリが住居・教会・学校・その他の同様エリアの居住区域や占有区域に侵入することを防ぐこと。

If your pet is bitten by another animal, immediately seek veterinary assistance for your animal, and contact Escambia County Animal Control. If you are bitten by a wild animal, or by any animal actingstrangely, seek medical care as soon as possible so that a physician can evaluate your risk of rabies infection and administer the rabies vaccine if appropriate.
もしもあなたのペットが他の動物に咬まれた場合には、すぐさまあなたの動物のために獣医師の助けを求め、エスカンビア郡動物保護センターに連絡してほしい。もしもあなたが野生動物や奇妙な行動をする動物に咬まれた場合はどんな場合でもできるだけ早く医療を求めてほしい。そうすれば治療者は狂犬病感染のリスクを測り、必要であれば狂犬病暴露後免疫を実施してくれるだろう。

[Byline: Gregg Pachkowski]

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap Alerts
<promed@promedmail.org>

******
[2] North Carolina - fox, dog, human exposure
Date: 24 May 2019
Source: News Observer [edited]
<https://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/local/article230811844.html>
（２）ノースカロライナ　キツネ、犬、ヒト暴露

月日：　2019年5月24日

出典：　ニュース監修者（編集者）

When a crazed fox attacked her 2 pet dogs, a North Carolina woman grabbed a 2-by-4 [board] and whacked the rabid animal away, a sheriff's officer said.
狂ったキツネが彼女の２頭の飼い犬を襲った時、ノースカロライナの女性は２-by-４の看板をひっつかみ、狂犬病の動物を追い払った、と保安官は語った。

The gray fox scampered into nearby bushes, but not before biting the woman in the calf of her leg, Cabarrus County sheriff's Lt. James Torelli told The Charlotte Observer.
ハイイロギツネは近くの藪に飛び込んだが、女性はすでにふくらはぎを咬まれてしまっていた、とキャバルス郡保安官James Torelli中佐はThe Charlotte Observer.に語った。　

When deputies arrived at the woman's home on U.S. 601 South between Concord and Midland, the fox went for them, too, Torelli said. That's when the officers shot and killed the animal.
補佐官たちがU.S.601南のConcord と Midland　の間にある女性の家に到着したとき、キツネも彼らについてきた、とTorelliは言った。補佐官たちは銃でその動物を殺した。

The woman, who is in her 70s, was hospitalized after Wednesday [22 May 2019] morning's attack but has since been released, the officer said. She will continue to receive a series of rabies shots, after results from a state lab on Thursday confirmed the fox was rabid, according to Torelli.
女性は70代であるが、2019年5月22日（水）朝の受傷後入院したが、すでに退院している、と行政官（Torelli）は言っている。Torelliによれば、木曜日に州の研究所の検査結果により、キツネは狂犬病だったことが確定し、その結果を受けて彼女は狂犬病暴露後免疫を引き続き受けることになるだろう、とのことである。

At 7:30 a.m. Wednesday [22 May 2019], the woman had let her dogs out as usual when the fox emerged and "got into it" with one of them, Torelli said. Two deputies arrived at her home after the woman called911.
2019年5月22日（水）7:30、そのキツネが現れた時、女性はいつものように彼女の飼い犬たちを外に出していた。キツネはそのうちの1頭に襲いかかった、とTorelliは言った。女性が911に電話し、2名の補佐官が彼女の家に到着した。

The woman's dogs were up to date on their rabies vaccines but received booster shots, the lieutenant said.
女性の飼い犬は定期的に狂犬病予防接種を受けていたが、追加接種を受けた、と中佐は語った。

Homeowners have the right to shoot or otherwise kill an animal attacking them or their pets, Torelli said. But he advises people to return to their home and call authorities if they see a wild animal acting aggressively or otherwise oddly. Cabarrus County animal control responders are sworn law enforcement officers, he said.
家の所有者は彼らや彼らのペットに攻撃を仕掛けてくる動物を撃ったり、あるいは殺したりする権利がある、とTorelliは言った。しかし、彼は人々にもしも攻撃的に、もしくは奇妙な行動をする動物を見掛けたら、家に戻って関係機関に電話しなさい、と助言している。キャバルス郡動物保護センターの電話回答者は法令の強化を声高に述べている、とTorelli　は言っている。

[Byline: Joe Marusak]

--
Communicated by: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>

[Both of these articles give some tips on how to prevent animal bites as well as respond to a bite.
双方の記事は動物による咬傷をどうやって予防するかと同時に咬傷を受けたらどう対処するかの両方についてよく記述している。

Build a wall between you and the deadly virus rabies by vaccinating your pets; this includes your dogs AND your cats. It is a measure of protection for yourself as well as your pets.
あなたのペット；イヌだけでなくネコも含めて；に予防注射することによって致死的な病原体である狂犬病とあなたの間に障壁を築いてください。それはあなたのペットだけでなく、あなた自身を守る措置でもあります。

Keeping your pet vaccinated against rabies is extremely important. As noted in the 2nd article, the dogs were appropriately vaccinated. Thus, the dogs receive medical attention for the bites and a booster rabies vaccine. Proper and up-to-date rabies vaccination saved these dogs' lives and prevented the owner from having the heartache of the loss of her pets.
あなたのペットの狂犬病予防注射を継続することは非常に重要である。2番目の記事にあるとおり、犬たちは適切に予防注射を受けていた。それゆえに犬たちは咬み傷の手当と狂犬病追加ワクチンを受けることができた（殺処分ではなく）。

適切な、定期的な狂犬病ワクチン接種は犬たちの生命を救ったと同時に、ペットを失うことによる傷心から飼い主を守ったのである。

Neither of these articles mentions rabies clinics to get more animals vaccinated and to educate the public about the need for rabies prevention. - Mod.TG
どちらの記事もより多くの動物がワクチン接種を受けたり、一般住民に狂犬病予防に必要な教育を行ったりするための狂犬病外来については述べていない。

HealthMap/ProMED maps available at:
Florida, United States: <http://healthmap.org/promed/p/212>
North Carolina, United States: <http://healthmap.org/promed/p/235>]

[See Also:　以下参照
Rabies (28): Americas, USA, cattle, imported dogs, corr.
http://promedmail.org/post/20190512.6466342
Rabies (28): Americas (USA) cattle, imported dogs
http://promedmail.org/post/20190511.6465671
Rabies (26): Americas (USA) fox, raccoon, dog, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20190507.6459317
Rabies (15): Americas, Brazil (RS) bat, cattle
http://promedmail.org/post/20190409.6413470
Rabies (13): Americas, USA (CO, PA) dog, cow, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20190327.6390272
Rabies (12): Americas, USA (SC, CT) raccoon, dog, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20190322.6380311
Rabies (11): Americas, USA (FL) raccoon, alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20190320.6375303
Rabies (10): Americas, USA (SC) goat, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20190313.6365399
Rabies (09): Americas, USA (NY) raccoon, alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20190313.6363251
2018
----
Rabies (48): Americas (USA) raccoon, human exp., susp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20180921.6044436
Rabies (37): Americas (USA) raccoon, feline, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180707.5893249
Rabies (36): Americas (USA) bat, alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20180704.5888152
Rabies (35): Americas (USA)
http://promedmail.org/post/20180701.5884464
Rabies (33): Americas (USA) bat, comment
http://promedmail.org/post/20180615.5858003
Rabies (30): Americas (USA) bat, comment
http://promedmail.org/post/20180608.5846452
Rabies (29): Americas (USA) bat, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180606.5843054
Rabies (17): Americas (USA) bat, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20180328.5714194
Rabies (10): Americas (USA) fox, susp., human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180215.5630732
Rabies (06): Americas (USA) human, bat, canine exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180116.5562905
Rabies (05): Americas (USA) fox, susp., human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180112.5556138
Rabies (04): Americas (USA, Brazil) bat, human, Milwaukee protocol
http://promedmail.org/post/20180111.5553455
2017
----
Rabies (42): Americas (USA) bat, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20171002.5355205
Rabies (38): Americas (USA)
http://promedmail.org/post/20170731.5216276
Rabies (36): Americas (USA) wildlife, multiple human exposures
http://promedmail.org/post/20170725.5203948
Rabies (34): Americas (USA) bat, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20170719.5188826
Rabies (33): Americas (USA) bobcat, canine & human exposures
http://promedmail.org/post/20170718.5186364
Rabies (28): Americas (USA) bat, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20170707.5157811
Rabies (27): Americas (USA) feline
http://promedmail.org/post/20170702.5145002
Rabies (23): Americas (USA)
http://promedmail.org/post/20170530.50704232016
2010
----
Rabies, raccoon - USA (04): (NYC) vaccination
http://promedmail.org/post/20100217.0555
Rabies, raccoon - USA (NY) http://promedmail.org/post/20100122.0246
2009
----
Rabies, raccoon - USA: New York City alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20091207.4172
and other items in the archives]

2019-11-06

狂犬病(30)：南北アメリカ、アメリカ(フロリダ州、ノールカロライナ州)ネコ、キツネ、イヌ、人曝露

アメリカ／USA 南北アメリカ／Americas

※ProMEDに投稿された世界の狂犬病情報を和訳してご紹介します。和訳は正確を期していますが、必ず原文をご参照下さい。

RABIES (30): AMERICAS, USA (FLORIDA, NORTH CAROLINA) CAT, FOX, DOG,
HUMAN EXPOSURE

In this update:
[1] Florida - cat, human exposure
[2] North Carolina - fox, dog, human exposure
今回の記事は

（１）フロリダ：猫、ヒト暴露
（２）ノースカロライナ：キツネ、犬、ヒト暴露

月日：2019年5月25日
情報源：ペンサコーラ・ニュースジャーナル

To protect yourself and your loved ones against rabies, follow these steps:
あなた自身やあなたの愛する人を狂犬病から守るために、次の事項を守ってほしい。

- Teach your children not to go near wild and stray animals, and never keep them as pets.

- Call County Animal Control to remove stray animals from your neighborhood.

月日：　2019年5月24日

適切な、定期的な狂犬病ワクチン接種は犬たちの生命を救ったと同時に、ペットを失うことによる傷心から飼い主を守ったのである。

2019-11-06

狂犬病（2９）：ヨーロッパ、アジア（ノルウエー、フィリピンでの感染）人、犬

Philippines ノルウェー／Norway アジア／Asia ヨーロッパ／Europe

※ProMEDに投稿された世界の狂犬病情報を和訳してご紹介します。和訳は正確を期していますが、必ず原文をご参照下さい。

RABIES (29): EUROPE, ASIA (NORWAY ex PHILIPPINES) HUMAN, DOG

最後に、[1]から[5]の報道資料をモデレーターがその内容をまとめていますので、翻訳は最後のモデレーターのコメントのみといたします。

[1]
Date: Wed 15 May 2019
Source: Dagbladet, Norway [in Norwegian, machine trans., abridged,
edited] <https://www.dagbladet.no/nyheter/haper-var-solstrales-dod-kan-redde-andre/71081098>

The family and relatives of Birgitte Kallestad wanted to say goodbye to the young woman under sheltered and private frames.

At 1:00 p.m. today [Wed 15 May 2019], the 24-year-old was buried in the upbringing municipality of Fjell in Hordaland.

"Intangible to all of us, her goodness became her path. Nevertheless, according to Birgitte's heart, it is now possible to give a gift to the Animal Protection. It's a great way to honor her memory," priest Maria Tveiten said in the memorial in the Foldnes church.

On [Mon 6 May 2019], she died of rabies at Forde central hospital in Sogn og Fjordane, which was the bioengineer's own workplace.

It is the 1st time since 1812 that rabies -- also known as dog madness -- was registered on Norway's mainland.

The 24-year-old was infected by bites on her fingers from a dog puppy when she and friends were traveling in the Philippines in February this year [2019]. The death of the fun-loving, young woman has made a deep impression on all she knew.

Shortly after her death, the family sent out a statement through a spokesperson, Jens Eikas, a communicator, about what had happened. The death and the family's openness have focused on a risk factor in about 150 countries but have gone under the radar here at home.

"Our dear Birgitte loved animals. Our fear is that such fate may happen to others who have a warm heart like her. We want rabies vaccine to be included in the program for travellers to locations where the disease is present, and that people become more aware of the danger. If we manage to achieve this, the death of our sunbeam cansave others. Warm greetings from the family." The family's thoughts about the future have also made an impression in a country with many on the road.

Birgitte discovered a helpless puppy at the roadside when she and her friends were on a moped trip in the Philippines. Birgitte picked it up in a basket and took it to the house where they were staying.

There, the puppy got on, playing with everyone and nibbling the new playmates in the fingers, as puppies do. But Birgitte, with her daily ballast as a health worker, was not afraid that these little bites were not sterile, the family reported after her death.

She got sick long after she came home, and after several doctor visits one of the doctors suggested that she should be checked for rabies. The family boasts of the follow-up she received from the health service.

The Norwegian Institute of Public Health has not received reports [of illness] from the others on the trip to the Philippines or in the house where [the friends] played with the puppy in the garden.

Several people in Birgitte Kallestad's vicinity have been vaccinated against rabies in retrospect. The vaccination may have an effect on the virus.

Professor OLrjan Olsvik at the University of Tromso has informed the VG that the rabies [virus] in most cases lies in the body for up to a few months before [the infected person] becomes ill. But the infection can also lie in the body several years before it strikes.

Rabies is widespread especially in southeast Asia and Africa. Dogs are the source of human infection in far more than 90% of cases.
[Byline: Oystein Andersen]

--
Communicated by: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>

******
[2]
Date: Wed 8 May 2019
Source: VG, Norway [in Norwegian, machine trans., abridged, edited]
<https://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/i/e8ql8R/kvinne-doede-av-rabies-familien-er-veldig-beroert>

The family, who live in the municipality, wants to be spared from inquiries from the press. Eikas is appointed as the spokesperson of the family. The rabid-infected woman died on Monday [6 May 2019] night as a result of the very serious viral disease.

"She was also at an age where she has a large network [of friends], and with many close. The family is very affected by [her death]", says Eikas. Crisis staff have therefore been established in the Sotra municipality, west of Bergen.

"All the relatives live here. We have established a crisis team when we know that some of the relatives want such a contact," confirms vice president Steinar Nesse.

The woman is from a village with few inhabitants, and the councilor believes that everyone here knows the person. "It is a terrible matter, and it is the 1st time in 200 years that someone has died of rabies in Norway," says Nesse.

The woman lived in Forde and died at Forde central hospital with her closest family around her. Only on Tuesday [7 May 2019] was the municipality informed that the woman is from Fjell.

"It is very heavy and vulnerable for the family," says health manager Terje Handal in the municipality. He says that a crisis team was established before the municipality was contacted by Helse Forde.

- What does such a crisis team consist of?
"People in psychiatry, a municipal psychologist, a health nurse, and a doctor. All are needed, and those who are best qualified when it comes to crisis management," he says.

Fjell Mayor Marianne Sandahl Bjoroy tells VG that the crisis team has been in contact with the relatives. "This is very sad for the relatives, who are probably left with many unanswered questions," she says. "The municipality of Fjell will set up for them and give them the help they need as long as they want it."

Municipal consultant at Forde, Oystein Furnes, says that the municipality has not had treatment responsibility for the patient during the course of the disease, but that they had contact with her at the very beginning when she started to get symptoms. He does not want to comment on the symptoms in the case in question but says, on a general basis, that the disease often gives rise to diffuse symptoms
at 1st, such as agitation, anxiety, and depression, before it gradually becomes more serious.

"The woman was admitted to Forde central hospital on Thursday [2 May 2019] but consulted a doctor several times before this, according to Furnes. She was admitted to the emergency room for 24 hours but was discharged again."

"What we can see here is that it has been quite natural that there has been contact with the primary health service. If one had suspected that it was a serious illness, one would, of course, admit her to the hospital, which she eventually became."

- Was there any other illness suspected before she was admitted?
"In all cases, different explanations of symptoms will be considered."
VG has asked whether the woman was vaccinated before or after the incident, but Helse Forde says they cannot answer this. "We do not endorse any information about anything in the process," says Trine Hunskar Vingsnes, vice president, Helse Forde. "Between 25 and 30 employees at Forde central hospital are vaccinated againstrabies. There are also a number of health workers in Forde municipality after contact with the infected woman."

- Do these get any kind of further follow-up?
"It doesn't seem to have been needed. We have had close contact with them, and they have open lines if they want to talk. We have received feedback that they feel well taken care of," says Furnes.
[Byline: Lone Lohne, Ingvild Silseth, and Carina Hunshamar]

--
Communicated by: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>

******
[3]
Date: Sun 12 May 2019
Source: The Atlanta Journal-Constitution [edited]
<https://www.ajc.com/news/national/woman-dies-from-rabies-after-bites-from-stray-puppy-during-vacation/IAh5X7jggO8lrbmjKltdpL/>

Norwegian tourist Birgitte Kallestad was such an animal lover, she didn't think twice about stopping for a stray puppy she spotted on the side of the road while on vacation with friends in the Philippines in February [2019].

Kallestad, 24, picked up the puppy and took it with her back to the resort where she was staying, washed it, and played with it, according to the BBC, never thinking she was in any danger. The puppy did bite her several times, news reports indicate, but she didn't think much about that either; after all, it was just a baby.

A health worker herself, she washed the cuts out and didn't seek further treatment, according to a family statement given to Norway's state-owned broadcaster NRK, USA Today reported.

When Kallestad returned home to Norway, she actually felt fine for a while. It wasn't until 28 Apr [2019] that she was 1st admitted to a hospital, her family said, but by then the illness was so far advanced that doctors had a hard time diagnosing it. When they did, it was too late. Kellestad died from rabies last Monday [6 May 2019].
[Byline: Shelby Lin Erdman]

--
Communicated by: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>

******
[4]
Date: Fri 10 May 2019
Source: AFP via Channel News Asia [edited]
<https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/norwegian-woman-dies-of-rabies-after-rescuing-puppy-in-the-11523118>

A 24-year-old Norwegian woman died this week of rabies, after she was bitten by a puppy she rescued while on vacation in the Philippines, her family announced.

In February [2019], while on holiday with friends, Birgitte Kallestad found a "helpless" puppy on the side of the road during a scooter ride. "Birgitte put the puppy in a basket and brought him home. She cleaned it and cared for it, and to her joy, it started healing. They played with the puppy in the garden" of the resort where they were staying, the family said in a statement published on Thursday [9 May 2019] evening. "After a while, the puppy started trying to bite them, like
puppies do. It nipped their fingers when they were playing," the statement continued.

The young woman, a hospital employee, started feeling ill after her return to Norway and was put into intensive care at Forde hospital, where she worked and where she passed away on Monday [6 May 2019] evening.

According to the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, the last recorded case of rabies contracted by a human in mainland Norway dates back to 1815, and to 1826 for an animal.

According to the family no one in the group of friends had been vaccinated against rabies. "Our dear Birgitte loved animals. Our fear is that this will happen to others who have a warm heart like hers," her family said.

At least 59 000 people worldwide die each year worldwide from the animal-borne disease, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). More than 99% of victims are concentrated in Asia, Africa, and South America.

--
Communicated by: ProMED-mail Rapporteur Kunihiko Iizuka

******
[5]
Date: Fri 10 May 2019
Source: USA today [edited]
<https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2019/05/10/norwegian-woman-dies-rabies-after-dog-bite-philippines/1163989001/>

A Norwegian tourist has died after she was infected with rabies months ago from a stray puppy in the Philippines, Norwegian media reported. Birgitte Kallestad, 24, died earlier this week, her family said in astatement Thursday [9 May 2019], according to NRK, Norway's state-owned broadcaster.

Kallestad and her friends were in the Philippines in February [2019] and spotted the puppy on the side of the road, NRK reported. The woman grabbed the puppy and bathed it after bringing it back to where they were staying, but soon the small dog began nibbling on her and her friend's fingers, the family said, according to NRK. No one thought much of it, and Kallestad, a health worker, washed the small cuts out, NRK reported. But when the woman returned home to Norway, she fell ill.

According to Verdens Gang, a Norwegian tabloid, Kallestad went to doctors multiple times before her death, but none connected her symptoms to rabies. The tabloid reported that doctors said it was the 1st rabies-related death in the Scandinavian country in 200 years.

Rabies is a deadly, viral disease that infects the central nervous system. Post-exposure vaccines are used to prevent progression of the disease, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Symptoms -- such as fever, headache, and weakness or discomfort – can appear similar to other diseases at 1st. Other more serious symptoms develop later, including insomnia, anxiety, confusion, slight or partial paralysis, excitation, hallucinations, agitation, hypersalivation (increase in saliva), difficulty swallowing, and hydrophobia (fear of water), the CDC says.

Rabies deaths are rare in the United States, though wild animals do still carry the virus. In the Philippines, there is a "high risk" of contracting rabies, the World Health Organization said in 2013.

"Our dear Birgitte loved animals," her family said, according to the BBC. "Our fear is that this will happen to others who have a warm heart like her."
[Byline: Ryan W. Miller]

--
Communicated by: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>

[In ProMED-mail's initial posting on this tragic event (archive no.http://promedmail.org/post/20190509.6461913), we stated that the report lacked detail. The additional media reports presented above have added several significant pieces of information:
ProMEDにおけるこの悲劇的な出来事の最初の投稿（アーカイブNo.http://promedmail.org/post/20190509.6461913）では、詳細な報告が不足していた。メディアによる上記の追加情報は、いくつかの重要な情報を提供してくれている。

- The visited rabies-affected country was the Philippines;
- The victim showed her 1st clinical signs in Norway, on 28 Apr 2019, more than 2 months after her exposure to the rabid animal;
- The diagnosis was delayed;
- Some (or all?) of her travelmates, who may have been exposed to the rabid animal, have undergone (or are undergoing) post-exposure treatment (PET) in Norway;
- Potentially exposed personnel in the hospital have undergone PET; and
- Last, but certainly not least, the rabid animal in the Philippines was a collected, unwell puppy dog.

-狂犬病に感染した訪問国は、フィリピンであった。

-彼女が狂犬病罹患動物に暴露された2か月以上後の2019年4月28日にノルウェーで最初の臨床兆候を示した。

-診断は遅れた。

-狂犬病罹患動物に暴露されたかもしれない旅行の同行者の一部（または全員？）は、ノルウェーで暴露後ワクチン接種（PET）を受けた（または実施中）。
-病院内で暴露された可能性のある人はPETを受けた。

-最後に、しかし決して無視できないこととして、フィリピンで捕獲された狂犬病罹患動物は、具合の悪い子犬であった。

The latter piece of information deserves special attention. Stray puppies are notorious rabies vectors, in particular exposing children who are often involved in such situations, while exercising close contact with the to-become pets. The clinical signs of rabies in puppies may often be non-typical if not misleading, and – inparticular if the animals retain residual maternal immunity – show minimal abnormalities while being infective.

後に得られた情報は、特に注目すべきである。放浪している子犬は狂犬病の媒介動物としてよく知られており、特にペットとするための馴化を行うような状況で子供が暴露される。子犬における狂犬病の臨床兆候は、まぎらわしいとまでは言わないが、しばしば非典型的であり、特に移行抗体が存在している時には、感染時でも最小限の異常しか示さない。

Every veterinary clinician in rabies-stricken regions is expected to know this, in many cases from their own experience. Also, residents of countries where rabies is prevalent, and visitors to these countries, should know that a "friendly" wild animal (e.g., foxes), which come close in a seemingly fearless way to humans, may be just rabid. Vets and public health professionals are supposed to educate the public. This information should be delivered to all: both visitors to rabies-affected countries as well as local residents.

狂犬病発生地域の全ての臨床獣医師は、多くの場合、彼らの経験から、そのことを知っていると思われる。また、狂犬病が流行している国の住民やそれらの国を訪れる旅行者も、人を怖がらずに寄って来る「人懐っこい」野生動物（例えば、キツネ）が、まさに狂犬病感染動物かもしれないことを知るべきである。獣医師や公衆衛生の専門家は、人々を教育することになっている。この情報は、地域住民と同様に、狂犬病発生国を訪れる旅行者にも届けられるべきである。

Members of the public should refrain from collecting strange, stray puppies or offspring of other, non-domestic canids (e.g., foxes, jackals, etc.). Such activities

should remain exclusively in the hand of the authorities or qualified/certified agencies.

一般の人々は、見知らぬ放浪している子犬やその他の飼育されていないイヌ科動物（例えば、キツネ、ジャッカルなど）などの子供を捕まえるのを避けるべきである。

このような活動は、もっぱら、専門家または有資格者や認定者の手にゆだねられるべきである。

It remains to be known if all co-travelers of the late Birgitte have been traced back and undergone PET. The incubation period for rabies is typically 1-3 months but may vary from less than a week to more than 2 years. Due to the potentially long incubation period for rabies, there is no time limit for giving PET, and all potentialexposures should be risk-assessed. This and much more useful updated information on PET is available in the recently (April 2019) published "Guidelines on managing rabies post-exposure" (Public Health England, April 2019, 40 pages) at
<https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/800017/PHE_guidelines_on_rabies_post-exposure_treatment.pdf>.
- Mod.AS

亡くなったBirgitteの同行者の全員が追跡され、PETを受けたかどうかは、未だ分かってはいない。狂犬病の潜伏期は、典型的には1か月から3か月であるが、1週間以下から2年以上までの幅がある。狂犬病には、潜在的に長い潜伏期間があるために、PETを受けるタイムリミットは存在せず、暴露された可能性がある人は全てリスク評価を受けるべきである。PETに関するこれらや役立つ最新の情報は、最近（2019年4月）に出版された、以下の「狂犬病暴露後管理ガイドライン」（イングランド公衆衛生サービス、2,019年4月、40ページ）で手に入る。<https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/800017/PHE_guidelines_on_rabies_post-exposure_treatment.pdf>.

-モデレーターA.S.

HealthMap/ProMED-mail maps:
Norway: <http://healthmap.org/promed/p/107>
Philippines: <http://healthmap.org/promed/p/158>]

[See Also:
Rabies (27): Europe, Asia (Norway ex SE Asia) human, dog
http://promedmail.org/post/20190509.6461913
Rabies (24): Asia (Qatar ex Nepal) human, sylvatic exposure suspected,
comment http://promedmail.org/post/20190504.6454635
Rabies (18): Asia (Qatar ex Nepal) human, sylvatic exposure susp.,
comment http://promedmail.org/post/20190416.6425196
Rabies (17): Asia (Qatar ex Nepal) human, sylvatic exposure suspected,
comment http://promedmail.org/post/20190411.6416702
Rabies (16): Asia (Qatar ex Nepal) human, sylvatic exposure suspected
http://promedmail.org/post/20190410.6412045
2018
----
Rabies, human - UK: (England) ex Morocco, ex feline
http://promedmail.org/post/20181113.6142425
2015
----
Rabies - USA (49): (NJ) ex Egypt, canine, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20151218.3872882
Rabies - France (02): (LR) ex Algeria, canine, human exposure, OIE
http://promedmail.org/post/20150525.3383986
Rabies - France: (LR) ex Algeria, canine, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20150524.3382864
Rabies - France ex Mali: 2014
http://promedmail.org/post/20150425.3322855
Rabies - UK: (N Ireland) human, susp ex enzootic country
http://promedmail.org/post/20150425.3322790
2014
----
Rabies - Netherlands ex India (03): (TN) canine, human, comments
http://promedmail.org/post/20140827.2727166
Rabies - Netherlands ex India (02): (TN) canine, human, comments
http://promedmail.org/post/20140826.2724516
Rabies - Netherlands ex India: (TN) canine, human
http://promedmail.org/post/20140825.2721553
Rabies - USA (03): (TX) ex Guatemala, human
http://promedmail.org/post/20140609.2529466
Rabies - France ex Mali http://promedmail.org/post/20140404.2381608
2013
----
Rabies - Netherlands (03): (ZH, NH) ex Bulgaria, canine, OIE, NOT
http://promedmail.org/post/20131210.2104119
Rabies - France (02): (VO) ex Morocco, feline, OIE
http://promedmail.org/post/20131104.2037811
Rabies - Netherlands (02): (ZH,NH) ex Bulgaria, canine, OIE
http://promedmail.org/post/20131022.2013679
Rabies - Netherlands: ex Haiti, canine, human
http://promedmail.org/post/20130625.1791201
Rabies - Spain (03): (CM) ex Morocco, travel alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20130622.1786776
Rabies - USA (11): (TX) ex Guatemala, human
http://promedmail.org/post/20130616.1775355
Rabies - Spain (02): (CM) ex Morocco, canine, human exp
http://promedmail.org/post/20130615.1773946
Rabies - Spain: (CM) ex Morocco, canine, OIE
http://promedmail.org/post/20130607.1760455
Rabies - Taiwan: ex Philippines
http://promedmail.org/post/20130515.1715913]
.................................................arn/tw/lxl

2019-11-05

狂犬病（28）：南北アメリカ（アメリカ）ウシ、輸入された犬

アメリカ／USA アフリカ／Africa エジプト／Egypt

※ProMEDに投稿された世界の狂犬病情報を和訳してご紹介します。和訳は正確を期していますが、必ず原文をご参照下さい。

RABIES (28): AMERICAS (USA) CATTLE, IMPORTED DOGS

In this post:
[1] Wyoming, cattle
[2] USA ex Egypt, canine rabies
この記事では
******
[1] Wyoming, cattle
Date: Tue 7 May 2019
Source: Loveland Reporter Herald [edited]
<https://www.reporterherald.com/2019/05/07/larimer-confirms-rabies-in-steer/>

Larimer County has announced a confirmed case of rabies in a steer -- the 1st case in a mammal other than a skunk this year [2019].
ラリマー郡は、去勢牛における狂犬病の確定症例を発表しました - 今年のスカンク以外の哺乳類における最初の症例です[2019]。

The Larimer County Department of Health and Environment said rabies is most common in skunks and bats but will occasionally cross over into other species. So far this year [2019], Larimer County has the highestconfirmed rabies infections in animals across the state with 26 skunks confirmed with rabies. Skunks are more likely than bats to pose risk to pets and livestock because they may have more interaction with those other animals.
ラリマー郡保健環境省は、狂犬病はスカンクやコウモリで最も一般的であるが、時折種を越えて他の動物でもみられると述べた。今年[2019]これまでのところ、ラリマー郡では26頭のスカンクが狂犬病と確定されており、アメリカ合衆国の中では動物の狂犬病が最も多く確定されています。スカンクは他の動物と関わる可能性が高いため、コウモリよりもペットや家畜に危険をもたらす可能性が高くなります。

Health officials remind residents to have their animals, including livestock, vaccinated by a licensed veterinarian. This can prevent the spread of the infection to other animals and to humans and can preventlengthy and costly quarantines if livestock or a pet encounters a rabid animal.
保健当局は、家畜を含む動物に免許のある獣医師による予防接種を受けさせるよう住民に注意を促しています。これにより、他の動物や人間への感染の拡大を防ぐことができ、家畜やペットが狂犬病の動物に遭遇した場合、長くて費用のかかる検疫を防ぐことができます。

Rabies is spread by saliva, primarily through the bite of a rabid animal, according to information from the Larimer County health department. Once symptoms [in people, or signs in animals - Mod.TG] appear, there is no cure, the health department reports.
ラリマー郡保健局の情報によると、狂犬病は主に狂犬病の咬傷を介して唾液によって拡散します。一旦[人々あるいは動物に- Mod.TG]症状が現れたら、治療法はない、と保健省は言っています。

People who have been exposed to rabies can receive medical treatment before symptoms of the infection appear, according to information from the health department.
保健部からの情報によると、狂犬病に曝露された人は、感染症の症状が現れる前であれば治療を受けることができます。

The Larimer County Department of Health offers the following advice to protect against rabies:
ラリマー郡保健局は、狂犬病から保護するために以下のアドバイスを提供しています。:

- Do not feed or touch wildlife.
- Teach children to notify an adult if there is a wild animal in the area or if they are bitten or scratched.
- Eliminate food sources for wild animals. Do not feed pets outdoors, close pet doors especially at night, and tightly close garbage cans and feed bins.
- Ensure your pets, horses and livestock are up-to-date on their rabies vaccinations.
- 野生生物に餌を与えたり触れたりしないでください。

- 子供たちに、その地域に野生動物がいる場合、または咬まれたりひっかかれた場合は、大人に知らせるよう教えましょう。

- 野生動物の食料源を排除しましょう。屋外でペットを飼ったりせず、特に夜間にはペット用ドアを閉め、ゴミ箱やゴミ箱をしっかり閉じてください。

- ペット、馬、家畜が狂犬病予防接種を受けていることを確認しましょう。

For the latest information on rabies in Larimer County, visit <http://www.larimer.org/rabies>.
Larimer Countyの狂犬病に関する最新情報は、以下のWebサイトをご覧ください。<http://www.larimer.org/rabies>.

[Byline: Pamela Johnson]

--
Communicated by: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>

******
[2] USA ex Egypt, canine rabies
Date: Fri 10 May 2019
Source: ABC News [edited]
<https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/cdc-block-imports-dogs-egypt-citing-rabies-concerns/story?id=62947785>

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced a temporary ban on dogs imported to the USA from Egypt on Friday [10 May 2019], citing multiple instances of dogs that contracted rabies in Egypt being brought to the USA in recent years.
疾病管理予防センター（CDC）は、近年エジプトにおいて狂犬病に感染した犬が米国に輸入された複数の例があるとして、金曜日[2019年5月10日]にエジプトから米国に輸入された犬の一時的な禁止を発表しました。

Officials say Americans' appetite for adopting puppies has fueled what regulators call an international smuggling operation that skirts US regulations. "The motives behind illegal puppy importation are notimmediately obvious. However, a closer look reveals a big business driven by profit at the expense of the health and welfare of the underage puppies," the CDC says in a blog post.
当局によると、子犬を手に入れたいというアメリカ人の欲求が、規制当局が米国の規制を回避する国際的な密輸作戦と呼んでいるものに拍車をかけているという。「違法な子犬の輸入の背後にある動機はすぐにはわかりません。しかし、よく調べてみると幼い子犬の健康と福祉を犠牲にして利益を得る大きなビジネスが明らかになっています」とCDCはブログ記事で述べている。

"Importers aim to get around these regulations because customers demand puppies as young as 8 weeks. Profits decline by the thousands with each month a puppy ages. The puppy-loving public creating the demand is part of the problem."
「輸入業者は、顧客は8週齢という若い子犬を求めているという理由で、これらの規制を回避して輸入することを目的としています。子犬の月齢が上がるにつれて、利益は千ドル（１０万円）単位で減少します。子犬を愛する大衆が需要を生み出していることが問題の一部なのです。」

The CDC estimates 100 000 dogs are imported from countries at high risk for rabies every year, some of the 1.06 million dogs entering the country through airports or ports of entry according to the agency. Three rabid dogs have been imported to the USA from Egypt since 2015, some with falsified health paperwork.
CDCは、代理店により空港または港を通って国に入ってくる106万匹の犬のうち、毎年10万匹の犬が狂犬病の危険性が高い国から輸入されていると推定しています。2015年以来、3匹の狂犬病の犬がエジプトからアメリカに輸入されていますが、その中には偽造された健康書類をつけられた犬もいます。

Animal rescue organization throughout the USA have worked with groups in Egypt and other countries to re-home animals, but federal officials have become increasingly concerned about the accuracy of informationprovided from overseas. The CDC and animal welfare groups say there's no single database to track what happens to dogs brought into the USA from Egypt once they're in the country.
アメリカ全土の動物救助組織は、エジプトや他の国々のグループと協力して動物を本国に返す運動を行ってきましたが、連邦当局は、海外から提供される情報の正確性について懸念を強めています。CDCと動物福祉団体は、エジプトからアメリカに持ち込まれた犬がいったん国内に到着した後に何が起こっているかを追跡するための統一されたデータベースはないと言っています。

In 2017, "Operation Dog Catcher" was launched after agents from Customs and Border Protection, the CDC, and USDA veterinarians identified more frequent large shipments of puppies at JFK [airport in New York]. The operation discovered smuggling operations where dogs from overseas "puppy mills" are shipped to the USA as rescue dogs valued at USD 0, then sold to the public online or on social media under false or misleading information claiming they were bred in the
USA.
2017年には、税関国境警備局、CDC、およびUSDAの獣医師の代理人が（ニューヨークの）JFK空港で大量の子犬の輸入がこれまでより頻繁にされているのを確認したのち、「Operation Dog Catcher」が開始されました。この作戦によって、海外の「子犬工場」から犬が0ドル相当の救助犬として米国に出荷され、米国で繁殖された子犬であるとする虚偽または誤解を招く情報をつけられてオンラインまたはソーシャルメディアで販売されている密輸事業があることが発見されました。

The most recent recorded incident was in February of this year [2019], according to the CDC, when 26 dogs imported from Egypt were adopted or placed in foster homes through a rescue in the Kansas City area. One of the dogs bit a technician and [the dog] tested positive for rabies.
CDCによると、最新の事件記録は今年の2月[2019年]で、カンザスシティー地域のレスキューを通して26頭のエジプトから輸入された犬が譲渡されるか養護施設に預けられたことでした。犬の一匹が一人の技術者に咬みつき、その[犬]が狂犬病の検査で陽性になったのです。

The USA has been free of canine rabies since 2007, according to the CDC, but the agency says even one imported dog with the virus could create a public health threat if they interact with people or other animals that go untreated.
CDCによると、米国では2007年以来犬の狂犬病は発生していないが、輸入された1頭の犬でも未予防の人や他の動物と接触した場合には、公衆衛生上の脅威につながる可能性があるという。

"The importation of just one dog infected with CRVV [canine rabies virus variant] risks the re-introduction of the virus into the United States," the CDC says in a draft of its public notice, which will be officially posted Friday [10 May 2019]
(<https://s3.amazonaws.com/public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2019-09654.pdf>).
「CRVV（犬由来狂犬病ウイルス株）に感染したたった犬1匹の輸入によって、米国への狂犬病ウイルスの再侵入の危険性があります」とCDCは金曜日[2019年5月10日]に公式に通知される予定の草稿で述べています。(<https://s3.amazonaws.com/public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2019-09654.pdf>).

The CDC says it has worked with international health organizations to try to clear up the problem, but officials in Egypt have not provided enough information to guarantee the health of imported dogs. Imports will be suspended until the CDC and other federal agencies determine appropriate controls are in place in Egypt to prevent exports of rabid dogs.
CDCは、問題を解決するために国際的な保健機関と協力して事態に対応してきたと述べていますが、エジプトの当局者は、輸入された犬の健康を保証するのに十分な情報を提供していません。狂犬病の犬の輸出を防ぐために、CDCおよび他の連邦機関がエジプトで適切な管理が行われていると判断するまで、輸入は一時停止されます。

While US law says dogs coming into the USA have to be healthy and at least 6 months old, Operation Dog Catcher found animals with fraudulent health documents and vaccination records. In addition to rabies, dogs can spread other diseases capable of spreading to humans and other animals, such as parasites or skin infections.
米国の法律では、米国に来る犬は健康で最低6ヶ月齢でなければならないと定められていますが、「Operation Dog Catcher」では詐欺的な健康診断書と予防接種記録を持った動物が見つかりました。狂犬病に加えて、犬は寄生虫や皮膚感染症などの人間や他の動物に伝播しうる他の病気を広げる可能性があります。

The CDC and animal advocacy groups say members of the public should research breeders and ask to visit facilities or see inspection reports, even though the full records are not publicly available online. The CDC says adopting from credible animal shelters in the USA also helps decrease demand for puppies sold through fraudulent operations.
CDCと動物擁護団体は、完全な記録がオンラインで公的に利用可能ではなかったとしても、公衆がブリーダーを調査して施設を訪問するか検査報告を見るようにすべきであると言っています。CDCは、米国内の信頼できる動物保護施設から譲渡を受けることは、詐欺行為によって売られた子犬の需要を減らすのにも役立つと言います。

[Byline: Stephanie Ebbs]

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap Alerts
<promed@promedmail.org>

[Laramie County, Wyoming, is wise to recommend livestock be vaccinated. It is cheap insurance for your other animals and for your help, your family and yourself. Most often our curious livestock want to see what the odd shuffling animal is crossing their pasture domain, so they stick their noses down, only to get bitten by a rabid animal, frequently a skunk. This is a usually unobserved situation until the bovine animal begins to act odd, even aggressive to its pen-mates or those feeding it.

ワイオミング州ララミー郡は、家畜に予防接種をすることをお勧めします。それはあなたの所有する動物のため、そしてあなたの家族とあなた自身のための安い保険です。ほとんどの場合、好奇心旺盛な家畜は牧草地を奇妙に麻痺性歩行する動物が横切るところを見たいと思い、鼻を突き出し、狂犬病の動物（多くはスカンク）に咬まれてしまいます。このような事は、ウシが奇妙な行動を開始する（その同居個体やえさを与えている人に対して攻撃的な場合さえあります）までは通常気づかれることはありません。

Rabid bovine animals have attacked pen-mates, people, feeding trucks and other objects. In the situation when arabid bovine attacks a human or dog, it usually does not end well for the one attacked. If more than one animal encounters the skunk or raccoon or other source of rabies, there may be multiple herd animals affected with rabies.

狂犬病の牛は、同居個体、人々、給餌トラックなどの物体を攻撃することがあります。狂犬病の牛が人間や犬を攻撃する状況では、通常、事態は簡単には収拾がつきません。複数の動物がスカンクやアライグマ、またはその他の狂犬病の発生源に遭遇した場合、群れには狂犬病に感染した動物が複数いる可能性があります。

I have long advocated vaccinating your stock, so it is wonderful to see an official office promoting this. Alsovaccinate your pet, whether they are your dog or cat or horse, or your pet steer. Rabies is a fatal disease. While there is a lifesaving post-exposure prophylaxis in humans, one should not procrastinate if bitten, but rather seek treatment immediately. Such a life-saving treatment is not available to our pets or livestock. Therefore, protect your pets and livestock and vaccinate against rabies.
私は長い間家畜にワクチンを接種するべきだと提唱してきましたので、公式な事業所がこのことを推進していることを知り大変うれしいです。犬、猫、馬、またはペットの去勢牛であっても、ペットにワクチンを接種しましょう。狂犬病は致命的な病気です。人間には命を救う曝露後予防法がありますが、噛まれても先延ばしにするのではなく、すぐに治療を求めるべきです。このような救命処置は、ペットや家畜では許されません。したがって、狂犬病の予防接種をして、ペットと家畜を保護してください。

Rabies is a very serious disease, often resulting in death of the animal victim and often expensive treatment for a human. There are several variants of the rabies virus. Some variants are the skunk variant or the racoon variant. The article about dogs from Egypt mentions the canine variant. This is a specific variant of the diseasethat has not been in the USA for over 10 years.

狂犬病は非常に深刻な病気であり、多くの場合、犠牲となった動物は死亡し、人間は高価な治療となります。狂犬病ウイルスにはいくつかのバリアント（異型/変異株）があります。いくつかのバリアントは、スカンク由来またはアライグマ由来です。エジプトの犬に関する記事では、犬由来のバリアントについて言及しています。これは10年以上も米国に存在していないバリアントです。

Dogs can still be infected with the skunk variant or the racoon variant or other
variants if bitten by one of those animals carrying a particular strain of rabies. The strain of rabies is one issue. The other issues the article addresses are people unexpectedly being exposed to rabies in an animal touted as having its appropriate vaccines. This is a very serious issue to adopt a pet from another country where the paperwork is fraudulent and thus expose yourself/family to a fatal disease that
you believed had been prevented. The article is correct to say investigate the breeder and where the animals are coming from.

Let the buyer beware. - Mod.TG
犬であっても、狂犬病の特定のバリアントをもっている動物に咬まれた場合には、スカンク由来、アライグマ由来またはその他のバリアントに感染している可能性があります。狂犬病の系統は一つの問題です。この記事は適切なワクチン接種を受けていると宣伝されている動物による狂犬病のリスクに予想外にさらされているというもうひとつの問題も扱っています。これは、事務処理が不正である他の国のペットを飼うことにより、自分と家族が予防されていると信じていた致命的な病気にさらしてしまうという非常に深刻な問題です。この記事がいうように、ブリーダーと動物がどこから来たのかを調査するのが正しい対処法です。

HealthMap/ProMED-mail maps: United States: <http://healthmap.org/promed/p/106>
Laramie County, Wyoming, United States: <http://healthmap.org/promed/p/5202>]

[See Also:
Rabies (26): Americas (USA) fox, raccoon, dog, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20190507.6459317
Rabies (15): Americas, Brazil (RS) bat, cattle
http://promedmail.org/post/20190409.6413470
Rabies (13): Americas, USA (CO, PA) dog, cow, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20190327.6390272
Rabies (12): Americas, USA (SC, CT) raccoon, dog, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20190322.6380311
Rabies (11): Americas, USA (FL) raccoon, alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20190320.6375303
Rabies (10): Americas, USA (SC) goat, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20190313.6365399
Rabies (09): Americas, USA (NY) raccoon, alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20190313.6363251
2018
----
Rabies (48): Americas (USA) raccoon, human exp., susp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20180921.6044436
Rabies (37): Americas (USA) raccoon, feline, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180707.5893249
Rabies (36): Americas (USA) bat, alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20180704.5888152
Rabies (35): Americas (USA)
http://promedmail.org/post/20180701.5884464
Rabies (33): Americas (USA) bat, comment
http://promedmail.org/post/20180615.5858003
Rabies (30): Americas (USA) bat, comment
http://promedmail.org/post/20180608.5846452
Rabies (29): Americas (USA) bat, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180606.5843054
Rabies (17): Americas (USA) bat, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20180328.5714194
Rabies (10): Americas (USA) fox, susp., human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180215.5630732
Rabies (06): Americas (USA) human, bat, canine exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180116.5562905
Rabies (05): Americas (USA) fox, susp., human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180112.5556138
Rabies (04): Americas (USA, Brazil) bat, human, Milwaukee protocol
http://promedmail.org/post/20180111.5553455
2017
----
Rabies (42): Americas (USA) bat, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20171002.5355205
Rabies (38): Americas (USA)
http://promedmail.org/post/20170731.5216276
Rabies (36): Americas (USA) wildlife, multiple human exposures
http://promedmail.org/post/20170725.5203948
Rabies (34): Americas (USA) bat, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20170719.5188826
Rabies (33): Americas (USA) bobcat, canine & human exposures
http://promedmail.org/post/20170718.5186364
Rabies (28): Americas (USA) bat, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20170707.5157811
Rabies (27): Americas (USA) feline
http://promedmail.org/post/20170702.5145002
Rabies (23): Americas (USA)
http://promedmail.org/post/20170530.50704232016
2010
----
Rabies, raccoon - USA (04): (NYC) vaccination
http://promedmail.org/post/20100217.0555
Rabies, raccoon - USA (NY) http://promedmail.org/post/20100122.0246
2009
----
Rabies, raccoon - USA: New York City alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20091207.4172
and other items in the archives]

From: <promed-ahead@promedmail.org>
Date: 2019年5月13日(月) 10:29
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Rabies (28): Americas, USA, cattle, imported dogs, corr.
To: <promed-post@promedmail.org>, <promed-edr-post@promedmail.org>, <promed-ahead-post@promedmail.org>

RABIES (28): AMERICAS, USA, CATTLE, IMPORTED DOGS, CORRECTION
訂正

*************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>

Date: 12 May 2019
From: Tam Garland, ProMED-mail Moderator <promed@promedmail.org>

In part [1] of the previous posting "Rabies (28): Americas (USA)
cattle, imported dogs http://promedmail.org/post/20190511.6465671," it
was reported that this event took place in Wyoming. In actuality, it
occurred in the state of Colorado.
この事件はワイオミングで行われたと報告されました。実際には、コロラド州で発生しました。
Apologies to the state of Wyoming and to our readers.
ワイオミング州と読者の皆様、おわび申し上げます。

Laramie county, Colorado is wise to recommend livestock be
vaccinated.

コロラド州ララミー郡は、家畜にワクチン接種するのが賢明であるとお勧めします。

。

--
Tam Garland
ProMED-mail Moderator
<promed@promedmail.org>

[

HealthMap/ProMED map available at:
Colorado, United States: <http://healthmap.org/promed/p/209>]

[See Also:
Rabies (28): Americas (USA) cattle, imported dogs
http://promedmail.org/post/20190511.6465671]
.................................................sb/tg/msp/lm
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2019-11-05

狂犬病(27):ヨーロッパ、アジア (ノルウェー東南アジアから)ヒト、イヌ

ノルウェー／Norway 東南アジア／Southeast Asia ヨーロッパ／Europe アジア／Asia Philippines

※ProMEDに投稿された世界の狂犬病情報を和訳してご紹介します。和訳は正確を期していますが、必ず原文をご参照下さい。

RABIES (27): EUROPE, ASIA (NORWAY ex SOUTHEAST ASIA) HUMAN, DOG

Date: Mon 6 May 2019

日付：2019年5月6日

Source: News in English (Norway) [edited]

情報源：英語ニュース (ノルウェー) [編集済]

<https://www.newsinenglish.no/2019/05/06/young-woman-died-from-rabies-infection/>

A Norwegian woman in her 20s who was bitten by a dog while traveling in Southeast Asia 2 months ago died Monday night [6 May 2019]. Hospital officials confirm that the woman was infected with the deadly rabies virus.
ノルウェー人の20代の女性が、2ヵ月前に東南アジアを旅行中、犬に咬まれ、月曜日の夜 (2019年5月6日) に死亡した。病院の職員は、彼女が致死性の狂犬病ウイルスに感染していたことを確認した。

She's the 1st person to have [died of] rabies on the Norwegian mainland since 1815. Rabies is extremely seldom on the Scandinavian peninsula.

彼女は、1815年以来、ノルウェー本島において狂犬病で死亡した最初の人物となった。
狂犬病はスカンジナビア半島では極めてまれである。

The woman was originally from Hordaland but lived in the county of Sogn og Fjordane. She died at the hospital in Forde, where she'd been in intensive care since last week [week of 29 Apr 2019].
彼女はホルダラン県の出身で、ソグン・オ・フィヨーラネ県に住んでいた。彼女はフォールデの病院で亡くなった。彼女は先週 (2019年4月29日の週) から集中治療を受けていた。

Norwegian Broadcasting (NRK) reported that she was bitten by a dog while on a tour of Southeast Asia 2 months ago. The hospital wasn't alerted to her case until last [2 May 2019], when she was admitted after falling seriously ill. Test results confirmed the rabies virus on [Sat 4 May 2019].
ノルウェー放送協会 (NRK) の報道によれば、彼女は2ヵ月前に東南アジアを旅行中犬に咬まれた。病院は、彼女が重い病状になって収容される (2019年5月2日) まで、彼女の事故に注意を払っていなかった。検査の結果狂犬病と判明したのは2019年5月4日土曜日であった。

There were several other Norwegians in her tour group from various places around the country. All of them have been alerted to her rabies infection and are being followed up by their local health care centers.
彼女の他にも、ノルウェー各地から数名のノルウェー人が、このツアーに参加していた。彼らは、彼女が狂犬病に感染したことについて警告を受け、地域の医療施設で経過観察を受けている。
--
Communicated by: ProMED-mail from HealthMap Alerts <promed@promedmail.org>

[This tragic event lacks detail. Reportedly, the victim was in a "tour group" to "South East Asia" (which country/ies?) including participants from various places in Norway.

今回の悲劇的な出来事であるが、詳細が不明である。報道によれば、犠牲者はノルウェー各地からの参加者とともに、東南アジアへのツアーに参加していたが、訪問国（複数？）もわかっていない。

Travellers must be aware of the rabies status in countries they are to visit. And a tourist, or, as a matter of fact, anybody getting bitten by a (stray?) dog in a rabies-endemic country, should immediately seek medical treatment, after thoroughly washing the bite wound.
旅行者は、訪問しようとする国の狂犬病の状況について知っていなければならない。そして、旅行者、あるいは、実際のところ誰であっても、狂犬病流行国で (放浪) 犬に咬まれたら、咬まれた傷を十分に洗った後、直ちに医療機関で処置を受けるべきである。

Several worrying questions arise. Had the participants been informed, prior to travel, about health risks, rabies being just one of the potential hazards? Were medical care and advice sought following the bite? Were other co-travelers bitten as well?... - Mod.AS
いくつかの心配な疑問がある。(ツアー) 参加者は旅行前に健康上のリスクについて、狂犬病もその可能性の一つであることについて、情報提供を受けていたのだろうか。咬まれた後で、医療上の処置、助言を求めたのだろうか。他の参加者も同様に咬まれたのか。- 編集AS

HealthMap/ProMED-mail maps: Norway: <http://healthmap.org/promed/p/36135> Southeast Asia: <http://healthmap.org/promed/p/12488>]

[See Also:
Rabies (24): Asia (Qatar ex Nepal) human, sylvatic exposure suspected,
comment http://promedmail.org/post/20190504.6454635
Rabies (18): Asia (Qatar ex Nepal) human, sylvatic exposure susp.,
comment http://promedmail.org/post/20190416.6425196
Rabies (17): Asia (Qatar ex Nepal) human, sylvatic exposure suspected,
comment http://promedmail.org/post/20190411.6416702
Rabies (16): Asia (Qatar ex Nepal) human, sylvatic exposure suspected
http://promedmail.org/post/20190410.6412045
2018
----
Rabies, human - UK: (England) ex Morocco, ex feline
http://promedmail.org/post/20181113.6142425
2015
----
Rabies - USA (49): (NJ) ex Egypt, canine, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20151218.3872882
Rabies - France (02): (LR) ex Algeria, canine, human exposure, OIE
http://promedmail.org/post/20150525.3383986
Rabies - France: (LR) ex Algeria, canine, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20150524.3382864
Rabies - France ex Mali: 2014
http://promedmail.org/post/20150425.3322855
Rabies - UK: (N Ireland) human, susp ex enzootic country
http://promedmail.org/post/20150425.3322790
2014
----
Rabies - Netherlands ex India (03): (TN) canine, human, comments
http://promedmail.org/post/20140827.2727166
Rabies - Netherlands ex India (02): (TN) canine, human, comments
http://promedmail.org/post/20140826.2724516
Rabies - Netherlands ex India: (TN) canine, human
http://promedmail.org/post/20140825.2721553
Rabies - USA (03): (TX) ex Guatemala, human
http://promedmail.org/post/20140609.2529466
Rabies - France ex Mali http://promedmail.org/post/20140404.2381608
2013
----
Rabies - Netherlands (03): (ZH, NH) ex Bulgaria, canine, OIE, NOT
http://promedmail.org/post/20131210.2104119
Rabies - France (02): (VO) ex Morocco, feline, OIE
http://promedmail.org/post/20131104.2037811
Rabies - Netherlands (02): (ZH,NH) ex Bulgaria, canine, OIE
http://promedmail.org/post/20131022.2013679
Rabies - Netherlands: ex Haiti, canine, human
http://promedmail.org/post/20130625.1791201
Rabies - Spain (03): (CM) ex Morocco, travel alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20130622.1786776
Rabies - USA (11): (TX) ex Guatemala, human
http://promedmail.org/post/20130616.1775355
Rabies - Spain (02): (CM) ex Morocco, canine, human exp
http://promedmail.org/post/20130615.1773946
Rabies - Spain: (CM) ex Morocco, canine, OIE
http://promedmail.org/post/20130607.1760455
Rabies - Taiwan: ex Philippines
http://promedmail.org/post/20130515.1715913]

2019-11-05

狂犬病（26）アメリカ（USA）　キツネ，アライグマ，イヌ，ヒト暴露

アメリカ／USA 南北アメリカ／Americas

※ProMEDに投稿された世界の狂犬病情報を和訳してご紹介します。和訳は正確を期していますが、必ず原文をご参照下さい。

RABIES (26): AMERICAS (USA) FOX, RACCOON, DOG, HUMAN EXPOSURE

In this update:
[1] New York - raccoon, human exposure
[2] Arizona - fox, dog, human exposure

******
[1] New York - raccoon, human exposure

ニューヨーク，アライグマ，ヒト暴露
Date: 23 Apr 2019
Source: WKBW [edited]
<https://www.wkbw.com/news/local-news/boy-bitten-by-rabid-raccoon-in-chautauqua-county>

A boy in Chautauqua County was bitten by a rabid raccoon while turkey
hunting, according to the Environmental Health Unit of the Chautauqua
County Department of Health and Humans Services.

シャタークワ郡保健福祉局環境健康部門によれば，（アメリカ合衆国ニューヨーク州）シャタークワ郡在住の少年が，七面鳥撃ちの最中に狂犬病を発症したアライグマに咬まれた．

Officials say this is the 1st known rabid animal in the county this year [2019].

当局によれば，同郡に於ける本年（2019年）最初に認知された動物の狂犬病である．

According to the Department of Health and Humans Services, the boy was turkey hunting with his father near Open Meadows Road in the Town of North Harmony over the weekend when the raccoon latched onto his jacket, biting him.

保健福祉局によれば，その少年は，週末に父親とともにノース・ハーモニーのOpen Meadows Roadのそばで七面鳥撃ちをしていた．そのとき，アライグマが彼のジャケットにしがみつき，噛み付いた．

"This incident should serve as a reminder to residents, particularly outdoor enthusiasts (hikers, hunters, etc.), animal rabies is a serious public health concern and continues to be present in Chautauqua County," said Mark Stow, County Director of Environmental Health Services. "Raccoons are, by far, the animal most likely to be rabid in the state."

郡環境健康部門長のMark Stowは，「この事件は，市民，特にアウトドア愛好家（ハイカー，ハンターなど）に対し，狂犬病動物は深刻な公衆衛生上の問題であり，そしてシャタークワ郡に存在し続けていることを忘れないために，情報提供されるべきである．」と述べた．「アライグマは，この州では，最も狂犬病にかかりやすい動物である．」

The Department of Health and Humans Services is reminding the public that about one in 10 animals infected by the rabies virus will become aggressive and attack with no incitement, while other rabid animals may appear tame.

保健福祉局は，狂犬病ウイルスにかかった動物達の10頭中1頭が攻撃的となり，動機なく襲ってくる一方，他の動物達はおとなしく見えることを改めて強調した．

There are free rabies vaccination clinics available to the public in Chautauqua County throughout the year. [This must be a rabies clinic for the purpose of vaccinating your pet. A vaccinated pet is one of the best ways to protect your pet and yourself. - Mod.TG]
シャタークワ郡では，年間を通じ，一般の方を対象とし，無料で狂犬病予防接種を実施する病院が利用できる．【これは，あなたのペットに狂犬病予防接種を行う事が目的の病院である．ペットへの予防接種は，あなたとあなたのペットを守る為の，最良の方法の一つである．Mod.TG】

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

******
[2] Arizona - fox, dog, human exposure

アリゾナ　キツネ，イヌ，ヒト暴露
Date: 25 Apr 2019
Source: KVOA [edited]
<https://kvoa.com/news/local-news/2019/04/25/cochise-county-man-exposed-to-fox-with-rabies/>

A man is being treated after being exposed to a fox with rabies.

狂犬病を発症したキツネに暴露した男性が，暴露後予防接種を受けている．

The Cochise County Sheriff's Department said a man found a fox on his property in the Mule Mountains, west of Bisbee, on 15 Apr 2019. The man's dog was attacked by the fox, and when he was checking on the dog's injuries, he came into contact with the fox. The fox was located, and it tested positive for rabies.

コチセ郡保安官事務所は，その男性は，2019年4月15日にビスビーの西部，ミュール山脈に所有する彼の土地で，キツネを見つけたと述べた．その男性の飼い犬はそのキツネの攻撃を受け，男性がその傷を診ている最中にその男性自身もそのキツネと接触した．キツネは発見され，狂犬病陽性であることが分かった．

The man is now working with animal control to process his dog and begin the rabies treatment. [This is a confusing sentence. Post exposure prophylaxis is available to the man but not to the dog. However, if the dog is vaccinated, it may be treated for the wounds and revaccinated, depending upon the precise rules of the state. -Mod.TG]

その男性は，現在飼い犬を処理して，狂犬病の治療を開始するための（動物の）管理を行っている．【これは，混乱した文章である．暴露後予防は，犬ではなくヒトに対して行う物である．しかし，もしイヌが予防接種を受けていたのであれば，州の規則により，傷の治療が行われ，暴露後のワクチンの追加接種が再度行われたのだろう．Mod.TG】

[Byline: Kylie Warren]

--

以下、狂犬病の一般的な復習と説明ですので、省略します。ご不明な点については以下までお伝えください。

info@rabies.jp

Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[While there are procedures for human beings having been bitten by a
rabid animal, or a suspected rabid animal who cannot be tested, these
same protocols are slightly different for exposed animals.

Human beings need to have the wound cleaned and dressed. This
individual will likely receive post exposure prophylaxis.

For people who have never been vaccinated against rabies previously,
post-exposure anti-rabies vaccination should always include
administration of both passive antibody and vaccine. The combination
of human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) and vaccine is recommended for
both bite and non-bite exposures, regardless of the interval between
exposure and initiation of treatment.

People who have been previously vaccinated or are receiving
pre-exposure vaccination for rabies should receive only vaccine.

Adverse reactions to rabies vaccine and immune globulin are not
common. Newer vaccines in use today cause fewer adverse reactions than
previously available vaccines. Mild, local reactions to the rabies
vaccine, such as pain, redness, swelling, or itching at the injection
site, have been reported. Rarely, symptoms such as headache, nausea,
abdominal pain, muscle aches, and dizziness have been reported. Local
pain and low-grade fever may follow injection of rabies immune
globulin.

The vaccine should be given at recommended intervals for best results.
Talk with your doctor or state or local public health officials if you
will not be able to have shot at the recommended interval. Rabies
prevention is a serious matter, and changes should not be made in the
schedule of doses.

People cannot transmit rabies to other people unless they themselves
are sick with rabies. The prophylaxis you are receiving will protect
you from developing rabies, and therefore you cannot expose other
people to rabies. You should continue to participate in your normal
activities.

Rabies post-exposure prophylaxis consists of a dose of human rabies
immune globulin and rabies vaccine given on the day of the exposure,
and then a dose of vaccine given again on days 3, 7, and 14.

If a person has previously received post-exposure vaccinations or
received pre-exposure vaccinations, only 2 doses of vaccine (on the
day of exposure and then 3 days later) are needed. Human rabies immune
globulin is not required. Your doctor and local health department will
be able to guide you through the process;
<https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/medical_care/index.html>.

However, animals who have been vaccinated will need their wounds
cleaned and cared for. They will be re-vaccinated and, depending upon
the specific state, are likely to be quarantined for a period of
time.

If the bitten animal has not been vaccinated, the animal is likely to
be euthanized, as it presents a risk of rabies to its owners.

The lesson is to keep your animals vaccinated. Check with your
veterinarian regarding your state and county law on frequency of
vaccination for your pets. Pets includes dogs, cats, horses, cattle,
and other animals you have contact with. - Mod.TG

HealthMap/ProMED map available at:
United States: <http://healthmap.org/promed/p/106>]

[See Also:
Rabies (15): Americas, Brazil (RS) bat, cattle
http://promedmail.org/post/20190409.6413470
Rabies (13): Americas, USA (CO, PA) dog, cow, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20190327.6390272
Rabies (12): Americas, USA (SC, CT) raccoon, dog, human exp
http://promedmail.org/post/20190322.6380311
Rabies (11): Americas, USA (FL) raccoon, alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20190320.6375303
Rabies (10): Americas, USA (SC) goat, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20190313.6365399
Rabies (09): Americas, USA (NY) raccoon, alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20190313.6363251
2018
----
Rabies (48): Americas (USA) raccoon, human exp., susp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20180921.6044436
Rabies (37): Americas (USA) raccoon, feline, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180707.5893249
Rabies (36): Americas (USA) bat, alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20180704.5888152
Rabies (35): Americas (USA)
http://promedmail.org/post/20180701.5884464
Rabies (33): Americas (USA) bat, comment
http://promedmail.org/post/20180615.5858003
Rabies (30): Americas (USA) bat, comment
http://promedmail.org/post/20180608.5846452
Rabies (29): Americas (USA) bat, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180606.5843054
Rabies (17): Americas (USA) bat, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20180328.5714194
Rabies (10): Americas (USA) fox, susp., human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180215.5630732
Rabies (06): Americas (USA) human, bat, canine exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180116.5562905
Rabies (05): Americas (USA) fox, susp., human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180112.5556138
Rabies (04): Americas (USA, Brazil) bat, human, Milwaukee protocol
http://promedmail.org/post/20180111.5553455
2017
----
Rabies (42): Americas (USA) bat, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20171002.5355205
Rabies (38): Americas (USA)
http://promedmail.org/post/20170731.5216276
Rabies (36): Americas (USA) wildlife, multiple human exposures
http://promedmail.org/post/20170725.5203948
Rabies (34): Americas (USA) bat, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20170719.5188826
Rabies (33): Americas (USA) bobcat, canine & human exposures
http://promedmail.org/post/20170718.5186364
Rabies (28): Americas (USA) bat, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20170707.5157811
Rabies (27): Americas (USA) feline
http://promedmail.org/post/20170702.5145002
Rabies (23): Americas (USA)
http://promedmail.org/post/20170530.50704232016
2010
----
Rabies, raccoon - USA (04): (NYC) vaccination
http://promedmail.org/post/20100217.0555
Rabies, raccoon - USA (NY) http://promedmail.org/post/20100122.0246
2009
----
Rabies, raccoon - USA: New York City alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20091207.4172
and other items in the archives]

2019-11-05

狂犬病（25）: 南北アメリカ、ブラジル（サンタカタリーナ）人

ブラジル／Brazil 南北アメリカ／Americas

※ProMEDに投稿された世界の狂犬病情報を和訳してご紹介します。和訳は正確を期していますが、必ず原文をご参照下さい。

RABIES (25): AMERICAS, BRAZIL (SANTA CATARINA) HUMAN

Date: 6 May 2019

日付:2019年5月6日
Source: Dive.sc.gov [in Portuguese, machine trans. edited]
<http://www.dive.sc.gov.br/index.php/arquivo-noticias/865-santa-catarina-registra-primeiro-caso-de-raiva-humana-em-38-anos>
出典：Dive.sc.gov（ポルトガル語、機械翻訳、編集）

Santa Catarina has recorded its 1st case of human rabies in 38 years. The Office of Epidemiological Surveillance of Santa Catarina (DIVE/SC), linked to the Superintendence of Health Surveillance (SUV) of the State Health Department (SES/SC), reports that laboratory diagnosis was confirmed by the Laboratory Institute Pasteur as rabies for the death of a 58-year-old woman living in a rural area of the municipality of Gravatal, last Saturday (4 May 2019).
サンタカタリーナで38年ぶりにヒト狂犬病の症例を記録した。州保健局（SES / SC）の健康監視監督局（SUV）と連携しているサンタカタリーナ疫学監視局（DIVE / SC）は、パスツール研究所による確定診断の結果、先週の土曜日（2019年5月4日）に起こったグラバタールの自治体の農村地域に住む58歳の女性の死亡は、狂犬病によるものであることが確認されたと報告している。

The samples were sent to Sao Paulo by the Central Laboratory of Public Health (LACEN/SC). Santa Catarina had not registered cases of rabies in humans since 1981, when a patient from Ponte Serrada was a victim of the disease. The last cases of rabies in dogs and cats were recorded in 2006, in the municipalities of Xanxere (1 dog and 1 cat), Itajai (1 dog), and in 2016, in Jabora (1 dog).
検体は公衆衛生中央研究室（LACEN/SC）によりサンパウロに送られた。サンタカタリーナではポンテセラダ出身の患者が犠牲者となった1981年の例以来ヒトの狂犬病症例は記録されていない。犬及び猫の最後の狂犬病症例は2006年にXanxere で(犬1頭及び猫1頭 ), Itajaiで (犬1頭),2016年にJaboraで (犬1頭)が記録されている。

DIVE/SC technicians were present on Mon 6 May 2019 in the municipality of Tubarao meeting with the Regional Health Management, the Municipal Health Department of Gravatal and Capivari de Baixo, CIDASC ( for Agricultural Development of Santa Catarina) and UNISUL for the development of actions, according to the protocol of the Ministry of Health, considering Santa Catarina is a controlled area for animal rabies in the urban cycle. The actions involve home-to-house vaccinations of dogs and cats within a 5-mile radius　from the patient's home as well as active search for sick and dead animals and population orientation. "In addition, if a person isattacked by a dog or any other animal, it is very important to seek health services even if the injury is not serious, as there may be a need to take the vaccine against rabies," says John Fuck, manager of Zoonoses of Dive/SC.
2019年5月6日(月)、DIVE/SCの技術者はTubarao市当局の会議に地方健康管理局、Gravatal 、Capivari de Baixoの市健康部局、CIDASC（サンタカタリーナ農業部局）及びUNISULとともに出席した。その会議ではサンタカタリーナが都市型狂犬病が制圧されている地域であることを考慮し、保健省の実施要項に沿った活動の進展のための話し合いを行った。その活動は、患者の自宅から半径5マイル以内の犬と猫の家庭飼育動物の予防接種ばかりでなく、病気の動物や死亡動物の積極的な調査及び住民説明会を含んでいる。「付け加えると、人が犬や他の動物に襲われた場合、狂犬病に対するワクチンを接種する必要があるかもしれないので、怪我が深刻でなくても保健サービスを受けることは非常に重要です」とZoonoses of Dive / SCのマネージャーであるJohn Fuckは話している。

Vaccination of all dogs and cats is the most effective form of protection against the disease. The vaccination is expected to begin on Thu 9 May 2019. The population of Gravatal and Capivari de Baixo can search for more detailed information about the action directly at the Municipal Health Department. DIVE/SC has already requested 10 000 doses of rabies vaccine for the vaccination scheme.
すべての犬や猫に対する予防接種は、この病気に対する最も効果的な予防策である。そのワクチン接種は2019年5月9日木曜日に開始される予定である。GravatalとCapivari de Baixoの住民は、この活動に関するより詳細な情報を自治体保健局で直接検索することができる。 DIVE / SCはすでにワクチン接種計画のために狂犬病ワクチン10 000頭分を要求している。

According to the veterinarian of DIVE/SC, Alexandra Schlickmann Pereira, the population should be attentive to the strange behavior of their pets. "Any change in behavior such as restlessness, increased aggression, limb paralysis and photophobia (sensitivity to light) should be observed and reported to the Municipal Health Department," he warns.
DIVE / SCの獣医師、Alexandra Schlickmann Pereiraによると、住民は彼らのペットの奇妙な行動に注意を払うべきであり、「落ち着きのなさ、攻撃性の増大、四肢麻痺および羞明（光に対する感受性）のような行動の変化が観察されたら、自治体保健局に報告するべきである。」と警告している。

Rabies is a transmissible disease affecting mammals such as dogs, cats, oxen, horses, monkeys, bats and humans when the saliva of the infected animal comes into contact with the skin or mucosal membranes such as eyes, by biting, scratching or licking of the animal. The virus attacks the central nervous system, leading to death after ashort time of incubation. Rabies has no established cure (there are
only 3 known cases of cure in the world, one in Brazil), and the only way to prevent it is through the vaccine.
狂犬病は、犬、猫、牛、馬、猿、コウモリ、および人間などの哺乳動物において感染した動物の唾液が噛みつく、引っ掻く、またはなめることによって皮膚または眼などの粘膜から感染する。ウイルスは中枢神経系を攻撃し、発症後短期間で死に至る。狂犬病には確立された治療法はなく（知られている回復例は世界中でたった3例だけで、そのうちの1例はブラジルにおいてである）予防する唯一の方法はワクチンによるものである。
[Byline: Amanda Mariano, Bruna Matos, Patricia Pozzo]

--
Communicated by: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>

[As the article points out, survival is extremely rare once a person shows symptoms after being bitten by a rabid animal, even with treatment.
[記事が指摘するように、人が狂犬病の動物に噛まれた後に発症した場合、治療を受けたとしても、生存は極めてまれである。

Rabies post-exposure vaccinations

狂犬病曝露後免疫
------------------------------
For people who have never been vaccinated against rabies previously, post-exposure anti-rabies vaccination should always include administration of both passive antibody and vaccine.
事前に狂犬病予防接種を受けたことがない人では、曝露後の抗狂犬病予防接種には常に受動抗体とワクチンの両方の投与が含まれるべきである。

The combination of human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) and vaccine is recommended for both bite and non-bite exposures, regardless of the interval between exposure and initiation of treatment.
ヒト狂犬病免疫グロブリン（HRIG）とワクチンの併用は、曝露と治療の開始の間隔に関係なく、咬まれた場合とそうでない場合の両方の曝露に推奨される。

People who have been previously vaccinated or are receiving pre-exposure vaccination for rabies should receive only vaccine.
以前に予防接種を受けたことがある人、または狂犬病の曝露前予防接種を受けている人は、ワクチンのみを受けるべきである。

Adverse reactions to rabies vaccine and immune globulin are not common. Newer vaccines in use today cause fewer adverse reactions than previously available vaccines. Mild local reactions to the rabies vaccine, such as pain, redness, swelling, or itching at the injection site, have been reported. Rarely, symptoms such as headache, nausea, abdominal pain, muscle aches, and dizziness have been reported. Local pain and low-grade fever may follow injection of rabies immune globulin.
狂犬病ワクチンと免疫グロブリンに対する有害反応はほとんどありません。今日使用されているワクチンは、以前使用されていたワクチンより副作用が軽微である。痛み、発赤、腫脹、注射部位のかゆみなど、狂犬病ワクチンに対する軽度の局所反応が報告されている。まれに、頭痛、吐き気、腹痛、筋肉痛、めまいなどの症状が報告されている。局所疼痛および軽度の発熱は、狂犬病免疫グロブリンの注射後に起こり得る。

The vaccine should be given at recommended intervals for best results. Talk with your doctor or state or local public health officials if you will not be able to have shots at the recommended interval. Rabies prevention is a serious matter and changes should not be made in the schedule of doses.
ワクチンは最良の結果を得るために推奨される間隔で投与されるべきである。推奨された間隔で注射できない場合にはかかりつけ医か州または地方の公衆衛生当局と相談するべきである。狂犬病予防は深刻な問題であり、投与スケジュールに変更を加えるべきではない。

People cannot transmit rabies to other people unless they themselves are sick with rabies. The prophylaxis you are receiving will protect you from developing rabies, and therefore you cannot expose other people to rabies. You should continue to participate in your normal activities.
自身が狂犬病にかかっていない限り、狂犬病を他の人々に感染させることはない。予防は狂犬病の発症からあなたを保護するだけではなく、他の人々に狂犬病を感染させることはない。あなたはあなたの通常の生活を続けることができる。

There is no recognized value in administering rabies immune globulin greater than 7 days after initiating a vaccine course, since vaccine-induced antibodies begin to appear within one week.
ワクチン誘導抗体は1週間以内に出現し始めるので、ワクチン接種開始後7日以降に狂犬病免疫グロブリンを投与することに価値はない。

Portions of this comment were extracted from <https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/medical_care/index.html>. - Mod.TG

HealthMap/ProMED map available at: Santa Catarina, Brazil: <http://healthmap.org/promed/p/2975>]

[See Also:
Rabies (15): Americas, Brazil (RS) bat, cattle
http://promedmail.org/post/20190409.6413470
Rabies (13): Americas, USA (CO, PA) dog, cow, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20190327.6390272
Rabies (12): Americas, USA (SC, CT) raccoon, dog, human exp
http://promedmail.org/post/20190322.6380311
Rabies (11): Americas, USA (FL) raccoon, alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20190320.6375303
Rabies (10): Americas, USA (SC) goat, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20190313.6365399
Rabies (09): Americas, USA (NY) raccoon, alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20190313.6363251
2018
----
Rabies (48): Americas (USA) raccoon, human exp., susp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20180921.6044436
Rabies (37): Americas (USA) raccoon, feline, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180707.5893249
Rabies (36): Americas (USA) bat, alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20180704.5888152
Rabies (35): Americas (USA)
http://promedmail.org/post/20180701.5884464
Rabies (33): Americas (USA) bat, comment
http://promedmail.org/post/20180615.5858003
Rabies (30): Americas (USA) bat, comment
http://promedmail.org/post/20180608.5846452
Rabies (29): Americas (USA) bat, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180606.5843054
Rabies (17): Americas (USA) bat, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20180328.5714194
Rabies (10): Americas (USA) fox, susp., human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180215.5630732
Rabies (06): Americas (USA) human, bat, canine exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180116.5562905
Rabies (05): Americas (USA) fox, susp., human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180112.5556138
Rabies (04): Americas (USA, Brazil) bat, human, Milwaukee protocol
http://promedmail.org/post/20180111.5553455
2017
----
Rabies (42): Americas (USA) bat, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20171002.5355205
Rabies (38): Americas (USA)
http://promedmail.org/post/20170731.5216276
Rabies (36): Americas (USA) wildlife, multiple human exposures
http://promedmail.org/post/20170725.5203948
Rabies (34): Americas (USA) bat, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20170719.5188826
Rabies (33): Americas (USA) bobcat, canine & human exposures
http://promedmail.org/post/20170718.5186364
Rabies (28): Americas (USA) bat, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20170707.5157811
Rabies (27): Americas (USA) feline
http://promedmail.org/post/20170702.5145002
Rabies (23): Americas (USA)
http://promedmail.org/post/20170530.50704232016
2010
----
Rabies, raccoon - USA (04): (NYC) vaccination
http://promedmail.org/post/20100217.0555
Rabies, raccoon - USA (NY) http://promedmail.org/post/20100122.0246
2009
----
Rabies, raccoon - USA: New York City alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20091207.4172
and other items in the archives]

rabiesProMEDのブログ

狂犬病臨床研究会から発信するProMEDの訳文です

狂犬病(30)：南北アメリカ、アメリカ(フロリダ州、ノースカロライナ州)ネコ、キツネ、犬、人曝露

狂犬病(30)：南北アメリカ、アメリカ(フロリダ州、ノールカロライナ州)ネコ、キツネ、イヌ、人曝露

狂犬病（2９）：ヨーロッパ、アジア（ノルウエー、フィリピンでの感染）人、犬

狂犬病（28）：南北アメリカ（アメリカ）ウシ、輸入された犬

狂犬病(27):ヨーロッパ、アジア (ノルウェー東南アジアから)ヒト、イヌ

狂犬病（26）アメリカ（USA）　キツネ，アライグマ，イヌ，ヒト暴露

狂犬病（25）: 南北アメリカ、ブラジル（サンタカタリーナ）人