狂犬病 (54): アメリカ (合衆国) 野生動物、イヌ、ネコ、ヒトへの暴露、致死的

RABIES (54): AMERICAS (USA) WILDLIFE, DOG, CAT, HUMAN EXPOSURE, FATAL

※和訳は正確を期していますが、必ず原文を参照してくださいますようお願いします。

In this post:
[1] New Mexico (De Baca County): cat

[1]ニューメキシコ州（De Baca郡）：ネコ
[2] North Carolina (Gaston County): raccoon, dog exposure

[2]ノースカロライナ州（Gaston郡）：アライグマ、イヌへの暴露
[3] Connecticut (Windham County): raccoon, human exposure

[3]コネチカット州（Windham郡）：アライグマ、ヒトへの暴露
[4] California (Los Angeles County): coyote, human exposure

[4]カリフォルニア州（Los Angeles郡）：コヨーテ、ヒトへの暴露
[5] Michigan (Oakland County): kitten

[5]ミシガン州（Oakland郡）：コネコ
[6] Texas (undisclosed county): bat, deceased child

[6]テキサス州（郡は開示されていない）：コウモリ、死亡した子ども
[7] Kentucky (Simpson County): dog

[7]ケンタッキー州（Simpson郡）：イヌ

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[1] New Mexico (De Baca County): cat

[1]ニューメキシコ州（De Baca郡）：ネコ
Date: Fri 2 Dec 2022
Source: New Mexico Department of Health [edited]
https://www.nmhealth.org/news/alert/2022/12/?view=1914

The New Mexico Department of Health is urging pet and livestock owners in De Baca County and surrounding areas to vaccinate their animals against rabies after a cat tested positive for rabies this week. This is the 1st cat having tested positive for rabies in De Baca County based on records going back to 1966.

今週、1966年以来初めてDe Baca郡で､ネコの狂犬病陽性例が報告された。ニューメキシコ州健康局は、De Baca郡およびその周辺地域に居住するペットおよび家畜飼養者に対し、飼育動物に対する狂犬病予防接種を推奨した。

"This positive rabies test in a cat shows the importance of keeping pets, horses, and valuable livestock up to date on rabies vaccinations," said Dr. Chad Smelser, deputy state epidemiologist. "Domestic animals can come into contact with rabid wild animals and then transmit the disease to humans."

州の次席疫学担当官であるDr. Chad Smelserは、「狂犬病陽性のネコの存在は､飼育しているペット、ウマ、そして様々な家畜における定期的な狂犬病予防接種の必要性を示している。飼育動物は、狂犬病に罹患した野生動物と接触することで、ヒトへの伝播を起こす可能性がある。」と述べた。

Barn cats and feral cat colonies are also recommended to be vaccinated against rabies.

納屋で生活しているネコたちや、ノラネコの群れに対しても狂犬病予防接種が推奨される。

Rabies is a deadly viral disease affecting all mammals and can be prevented but not cured. Most rabies cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention each year occur in wild animals like raccoons, skunks, bats, and foxes. Rabies vaccination of dogs and cats is mandated by state law. Unvaccinated pets exposed to a rabid animal must either be euthanized or put into strict isolation for 6 months to prevent them from exposing people to rabies.

狂犬病は、予防可能であるが、治療はできない、ほ乳類全般に影響する致死的な疾患である。CDCに報告される狂犬病事例の殆どは、アライグマ、スカンク、コウモリおよびキツネなどの野生動物の事例である。イヌおよびネコに対する狂犬病予防接種は、州法によって義務とされている。予防接種を受けていないペットが狂犬病動物に暴露した場合、安楽死させるか、ヒトへ狂犬病を暴露することを予防するため6ヶ月間厳格に隔離しなければならない。

"A cat testing positive for rabies is an indication there may be other wildlife in the area with the disease," said Dr. Smelser. "People need to avoid contact with all wild animals as several species are known to carry rabies. If you are bitten by a wild mammal, seek medical attention immediately."

Dr. Smelserは、「狂犬病陽性のネコは、その地域の野生動物における狂犬病の存在を示唆している。市民は、狂犬病のキャリアになることが知られている種類の野生動物との接触は避ける必要がある。野生ほ乳類に咬まれた場合には、早急に医療機関を受診してほしい」と述べた。

The Department of Health recommends the following to keep you and your family safe from rabies:

健康局では狂犬病から家族の安全を守るため、以下の事項を推奨している：

- Always keep pets on a leash.
- Pets should be up to date on rabies vaccinations and wearing current license tags on their collar.
- If your cat or dog has been bitten or scratched, especially by a wild animal, call your pet's veterinarian even if the wound is superficial.
- Horses and other livestock should also be considered for rabies vaccination to protect them from rabid animals that may attack them.
- Stay away from wild or unfamiliar animals.
-Do not attempt to feed, approach, or touch wild animals (alive or dead). Teach this important message to your children, and always keep a close eye on your children.
- If you or someone you know is bitten by an animal, or comes into contact with an animal's saliva, wash the exposed site immediately with soap and water. Be sure to report the bite to local animal control and seek medical care as soon as possible.
- If your cat or dog has been bitten or scratched, especially by a wild mammal, call your pet's veterinarian even if the wound is superficial.
- If you see a sick or dead wild animal or a wild animal acting abnormally, report it to your local animal control authorities or the New Mexico Department of Game and Fish.
・ペットは繫留して飼育する

・定期的な狂犬病予防接種を実施し、済票を首輪に付ける

・飼育しているネコやイヌが、特に野生動物に咬まれたり、引っ掻かれたりした場合には、それが浅い傷であったとしても、動物病院に掛かる

・ウマやそれ以外の家畜であっても、狂犬病に罹患した動物に攻撃されることがある為、狂犬病予防接種を検討することを推奨する

・野生動物や見知らぬ動物には近づかない

・野生動物には、生きていても死骸であっても、給餌したり、近づいたり、触ったりしない。このメッセージは重要なので、子どもにもしっかりと教え、さらに子どもは常に目の届く場所にいるようにする

・動物に咬まれたり、唾液に触れたりした場合には、暴露した場所をすぐに水と石鹸で洗う。咬まれたことを地区の動物管理事務所に報告し、すぐに病院に掛かる

・弱っていたり、死亡した野生動物や、異常行動する野生ほ乳類を見かけた際には、近隣の動物管理局またはニューメキシコ州狩猟・漁管理局（Department of Game and Fish）に連絡する

Rabid animals may show no fear of people and be aggressive, or they may be quiet and can even seem friendly.
狂犬病動物は、ヒトを怖がらず、攻撃的なことや、抑うつだったり、ヒトに慣れているように見えることさえある。

For more information about rabies visit https://www.nmhealth.org/about/erd/ideb/zdp/rab/ or call the Epidemiology and Response hotline.

狂犬病に関する詳細は、以下のHPまたはホットラインにアクセスすること

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[2] North Carolina (Gaston County): raccoon, dog exposure

[2]ノースカロライナ州（Gaston郡）：アライグマ、イヌへの暴露
Date: Sat 3 Dec 2022
Source: Gaston Gazette [edited]
https://eu.gastongazette.com/story/news/2022/12/03/gastonia-dog-kills-rabid-raccoon/69698399007/

A pet dog killed a raccoon that ended up having rabies, according to Gaston County Police Animal Care and Enforcement.

Gaston郡警察の動物担当は、ペットの犬が殺したアライグマが、最終的に狂犬病と診断されたことを明らかにした。

Police were called to the 3400 block of Autumn Drive, Gastonia, at 9:15 p.m. Wed 30 Nov 2022. A resident's dog had killed a raccoon in the backyard of the home, according to police.

2022年11月30日水曜日に、Gastonia、Autumn Driveの3400 blockから警察に緊急通報が入った。警察によれば、家の裏庭で、ペットのイヌがアライグマを殺したとのことだった。

The dog was current with its rabies vaccinations and received a booster soon after the incident. The state lab reported Fri 2 Dec 2022 that the raccoon was positive for rabies.
当該犬は、狂犬病予防接種がされており、事件の後すぐに、追加接種も受けている。州研究所は、2022年12月2日金曜日に、殺害されたアライグマが狂犬病陽性であったことを報告した。

Animal Care and Enforcement notified the resident and conducted a neighborhood canvas in the area of Autumn Drive to notify the community of the positive rabies result and to verify rabies vaccinations for family animals in the area.

動物担当部は、Autumn Driveの近隣地区コミュニティに対して、狂犬病陽性の結果と、飼育動物に対する狂犬病予防接種の必要性について、注意喚起した。

Gaston County Police Animal Care and Enforcement stresses the importance of having an up-to-date rabies vaccination for all pets. By keeping your pets current on their rabies vaccines, you are protecting them from contracting the disease from wildlife and spreading the disease to your family, other animals, and people in the community.
Gaston郡警察動物担当部は、すべてのペットに対する定期的な狂犬病予防接種の重要性を強調した。狂犬病予防接種を更新することで、飼育者は、ペットが野生動物から狂犬病を移されたり、家族や他の動物、地域コミュニティに伝播するのを防ぐことができる。

Also, it is important to never handle or transport sick animals. The animal could have rabies. Gaston County residents should contact Gaston County Police Animal Care and Enforcement to capture and transport sick animals.
病気の動物を触らない、運ばないことも重要である。動物は狂犬病に罹患しているかもしれない。Gaston郡の住民で、病気の動物を捕まえたり運んだ際には、郡警察動物担当部まで報告すべきである。

This represents the 13th confirmed rabies case in Gaston County this year [2022].
この報告は、2022年、Gaston郡の13件目の狂犬病事例である。

[Byline: Kevin Ellis]

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[3] Connecticut (Windham County): raccoon, human exposure

[3]コネチカット州（Windham郡）：アライグマ、ヒトへの暴露
Date: Mon 5 Dec 2022
Source: ABC [edited]
https://abc7chicago.com/girl-attacked-by-raccoon-ashford-connecticut-attack-home-surveillance-camera/12523396/

A 5-year-old girl was attacked by an aggressive raccoon while waiting for the school bus outside her home in Ashford, Connecticut, on 2 Dec [2022].
22年12月2日、コネチカット州、Ashfordで、自宅の側でスクールバスを待っていた5歳の少女が、興奮したアライグマに攻撃された。

[LM]'s home surveillance camera captured the scary moment her daughter, [RM], was bitten. She told Storyful her daughter stepped outside to wait for the bus and the raccoon was sitting on the porch.

当該住宅の防犯カメラには、少女が噛み付かれる恐ろしい瞬間が写っていた。母親によれば、娘はバスを待つために屋外に出たが、アライグマは玄関ポーチに座っていたとのことである。

The video shows the raccoon quickly latch onto [RM]'s leg, who then screams and attempts to shake the animal off. [LM] rushes to help her daughter, grabbing onto the animal by the scruff of its neck. She's able to remove it, and at one point can be seen holding both the raccoon and her daughter. Once her daughter is inside, she throws the animal into her yard where it can be seen waddling away.

映像では、アライグマが素早く少女の足を掴み、少女が悲鳴を上げ、足からアライグマを振り落とそうとする様子が映っていた。その後、母親が娘を助けるために飛び出し、アライグマの首根っこを捕まえた。母親は、アライグマを引き離すことができ、娘とアライグマの両方を抱いていた。娘が室内に避難すると、母親はアライグマを庭に放り投げ、それはヨタヨタと去って行った。

"I heard her screaming and ran to see what was going on. I thought maybe she slammed her hand in the door; I was not expecting to see a raccoon attacking her," [LM] said. "If I didn't have the video, I wouldn't be able to tell you exactly what happened; it all happened so fast."

母親は次のように語った。「娘の悲鳴が聞こえたので、何が起きたか確認するために走って行ったのです。私は娘が手を扉に挟んだと思っていました。アライグマが娘を襲っているとは思いもしませんでした。一瞬のことだったので、ビデオ映像が無ければ、何が起きたのか正確に語ることはできなかったでしょう。」

She told Storyful [RM] has a few puncture wounds and said they both have scratches, but they are doing okay. She said [RM], who normally wears leggings, was wearing jeans, and she believes this helped prevent her from being more seriously injured.

続けて、娘は何カ所か皮膚に穴が開き、両名とも引っ掻き傷ができたが、概ね問題ないと語った。母親は、娘がいつもレギンスをはき、その上にジーンズをはいており、そのため傷が深くならなかったと考えていると、Storyfulの取材に対し語った。

[LM] confirmed they did go to the hospital and said the doctor's main concern was rabies, as the raccoon was out during the day and very aggressive, both signs of the viral disease, according to the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection.

両名は病院を受診し、医師は当該アライグマがコネチカット州資源環境保全局により狂犬病の徴候とされている、日中の活動および非常に攻撃的な様子を示していたため、狂犬病を心配していると語った。

Though they've not been able to find the raccoon to test it for rabies, she said they will be receiving rabies vaccines over the coming weeks.

当該アライグマが発見できず、狂犬病について検査を行えなかったが、母娘は、狂犬病予防接種を受けると述べた。

[Byline: Rachel Bidock]

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[4] California (Los Angeles County): coyote, human exposure

[4]カリフォルニア州（Los Angeles郡）：コヨーテ、ヒトへの暴露
Date: Sun 4 Dec 2022
Source: Fox News [edited]
https://www.foxnews.com/us/father-springs-into-action-after-coyote-attacks-toddler-outside-los-angeles-home

A coyote ambushed a California family's 2-year-old daughter outside their Los Angeles home Friday [2 Dec 2022], dragging her across the lawn before her father charged at the animal and scared it away.

2022年12月2日金曜日、カリフォルニア州ロサンゼルスに住む家族の2歳になる女児が、家の外でコヨーテに奇襲され、芝地を引き摺られたが、父親が当該動物に立ち向かい、追い払った。

The girl sustained non-life-threatening injuries and was treated in the emergency room, where she also received the rabies vaccine [PEP: post-exposure prophylaxis], the family said.

当該女児は、生命に別状を与えない傷を受け、緊急搬送され、狂犬病予防接種（PEP：暴露後免疫）を含む治療を受けたと、家族は語った。

[SE], the girl's mother, told KTLA her daughter suffered from scratches and some bruising.

母親は、娘には引っ掻き傷と痣ができたとKTLA（テレビ）に語った。

"She has a lot of scratches on her left leg, and one of them is really deep," her mother said. "The coyote just kind of dragged her, so her face is also a little bit bruised," she added.
「左脚を沢山引っ掻かれ、その内1ヶ所は深い、そのコヨーテは、娘を引き摺っていたので、顔にも少し傷ができた」と母親は述べた。

The incident, which happened at approximately 3:42 p.m. on Friday [2 Dec 2022], was recorded by the family's Ring home surveillance system.

2022年12月2日金曜日、3時42分頃に、家庭に設置された防犯カメラに記録されていた。

In the video, [AE] (father) can be seen removing his daughter from her car seat and setting her next to the vehicle as he turns back to reach for something in the SUV.

防犯カメラの映像では、父親が娘を車から降ろして、すぐ脇に居させ、自身は車に向き直り、SUVから何かを下ろそうとしている場面が確認できた。

Then the animal struck.

その時に、動物が襲ってきた。

The coyote leaps at the girl and drags her several feet away, across the driveway and onto the sidewalk. The girl is face down on the concrete.
コヨーテは、少女に飛びかかり、車道を越え、歩道まで数フィート引きずっていった。少女は、うつ伏せの姿勢だった。

The father responds to the commotion, running after the girl and securing her in his arms. He then throws what appears to be a water bottle at the coyote, causing it to run off.

父親は、すぐに気づき、少女を追いかけ、少女を抱き上げた。そして、水筒のようなものをコヨーテに投げつけ、コヨーテを追いやった。

After carrying the toddler into the home, the father exits welding a piece of wood, and appears to look for and pursue the creature.

娘を家の中に運んだあと、父親は木片を幾つかまとめて持ち、その動物を探し、追いかけているようだった。

The entire incident is over within a few seconds.

すべては、数秒の間に起こった。

The family had just arrived home from her preschool, the parents said.

両親は、娘を幼稚園からお迎えしてきたところだったと述べた。

Coyotes are prevalent in Los Angeles, though human attacks are not common.

コヨーテは、ロサンゼルスに多く生息しているが、人が襲われることは稀である。

[Byline: Lawrence Richard]

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[5] Michigan (Oakland County): kitten

[5]ミシガン州（Oakland郡）：コネコ
Date: Tue 6 Dec 2022
Source: Michigan.gov [edited]
https://www.michigan.gov/mdard/about/media/pressreleases/2022/12/06/oakland-county-kitten-infected-with-rabies

Today [6 Dec 2022], the Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (MDARD) state veterinarian, Nora Wineland, DVM, released the following statement due to an unvaccinated 6-month-old kitten becoming infected with rabies in Oakland County.

本日（2022年12月6日）、Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (MDARD)の州獣医官Nora Wineland獣医師は、Oakland郡で、狂犬病ワクチン未接種の6ヶ月齢の子猫が狂犬病に感染したとする声明を発表した。

"While this case is unfortunate, it is not unexpected, as rabies is regularly detected in Michigan's wildlife, particularly in bats and skunks. This means the virus is present, making it important to vaccinate domestic animals against rabies," said Dr. Wineland. "Any mammal, including humans, can be infected with rabies. By vaccinating pets and livestock against the virus and having them avoid contact with wildlife, it protects both animal health and public health."

「この症例は不幸ではあるが、狂犬病がミシガン州の野生動物、特にコウモリ及びスカンクで定期的に確認されているため、想定外ではない。このことは、ウイルスが現存することを意味し、身の回りに居る動物たちに対する狂犬病予防接種の重要性を示す。人を含む、全てのほ乳類が、狂犬病に感染する。ペットおよび家畜に予防接種を行い、野生動物との接触を避けることが、動物及び人の健康を守る。」とDr. Winelandは述べた。

The kitten was found as a stray about 6 weeks prior to its diagnosis. It was taken to a veterinary practice when it was not eating or drinking and was acting aggressively and unable to use its hind limbs. The kitten progressively became more ill and was humanely euthanized.

当該子猫は、診断の6週間前に路上で発見された。その子猫が食べたり飲んだりせず、攻撃的になり、後肢が動かなくなったため、動物病院を受診した。病態は進行し、福祉に配慮し安楽死の処置を受けた。

Rabies is a viral disease most commonly transmitted by a rabid animal bite. In 2022, a total of 47 rabid animals, including this kitten, have been detected in Michigan. The other cases include 45 bats and one skunk that were found across 24 counties in Michigan.

狂犬病は、主に狂犬病罹患動物からの咬傷により伝播するウイルス性疾患である。2022年、ミシガン州では当該子猫を含む47頭の動物が狂犬病と診断された。それ以外に同州では24郡において、45頭のコウモリ及び1頭のスカンクが診断されている。

Even if an animal is kept indoors, keeping their vaccination against the virus up to date serves as an important barrier if they are ever exposed to a wild or stray animal that could be carrying the disease. Please contact your veterinarian for more information about rabies vaccination or to schedule an appointment.

室内飼育の動物であっても、定期的な予防接種により、万が一、この病気を伝播する可能性のある野生動物や野良動物と暴露した際には、有力な防壁となる。狂犬病予防接種に関する詳細や、予約に関しては、掛かり付け動物病院に相談して下さい。

Also, if you think your animal may have had contact with rabid wildlife, it is important to immediately contact your veterinarian or MDARD to determine the next steps to take.

更に、もし自分が所有する動物が狂犬病に罹患した野生動物と接触したと思われる場合にも、掛かり付け動物病院またはMDARDに早急に相談することが重要である。

If you are a veterinarian, remember to always consider rabies as a potential diagnosis for neurologic animals. Rabies test kits and submittal forms are available through the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services.

獣医師は、神経症状を呈する症例を診断する際には、狂犬病を鑑別診断に入れるべきである。狂犬病診断用組織採材及び輸送キット及び報告フォームは、Michigan Department of Health and Human Servicesから利用可能である。

https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/doing-business/providers/labservices/labservicesguide/clinical-specimen-collection-and-shipping-containers

In Michigan, rabies is reportable to the State Veterinarian's Office. Diseases can be reported to MDARD's Animal Industry Division by email or phone.

ミシガン州では、狂犬病はState Veterinarian’s Officeに報告可能である。MDARDのAnimal Industry Divisionにも、emailまたは電話で報告できる。

For more information on rabies, please visit http://www.michigan.gov/rabies.

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[6] Texas (undisclosed county): bat, deceased child

[6]テキサス州（郡は開示されていない）：コウモリ、死亡した子ども
Date: Thu 8 Dec 2022
Source: Daily Mail [abridged, edited]
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-11513837/Bat-bite-kills-Texas-boy-rabies-case-years.html

A Texas boy died from rabies after being bitten by a bat, health officials revealed today [8 Dec 2022] as cases of the disease rebounded for the 1st time in years.

テキサス州の少年が、コウモリに咬まれた後に狂犬病により死亡し、この病気の症例数が数年来で最多を示したことが本日（22年12月8日）健康局から公表された。

The child, aged 7, had picked up the animal outside his apartment in Medina County in late August 2021 when he suffered the injury.

その7歳の少年は、21年8月下旬に、Medina郡の彼の集合住宅の外でそのコウモリを拾い怪我をした。

He told his parents he had been bitten, but they put off taking him to hospital because there were no teeth marks, and he did not initially show symptoms. But his condition gradually deteriorated over the next 2 months, leaving doctors perplexed when a spate of hospital tests for more common infections came back negative.

彼は、両親に咬まれたことを伝えたが、歯形がなく、最初は何の症状もなかったため、両親は病院に連れて行くのを先延ばしにした。しかし、彼の状態は2ヶ月ほどで徐々に悪くなり、病院での一般的な感染症の多くの検査は何れも陰性であり、医師達を当惑させた。

His death -- one of 5 fatal rabies cases in 2021 -- was revealed today [8 Dec 2022] by the Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC). It marks the highest number in a decade. There had not been a single infection in 2019 or 2020.

2021年に狂犬病で亡くなった5人の中の1人である彼の死は、本日（22年12月8日）疾病管理予防センター（CDC）により公表された。ここ10年で最多を記録した。2019、2020年にはひとりも報告されなかった。

It comes as the CDC warned in May [2022] that rabies could sneak back into the US through imported animals from high-risk countries.

CDCが、（2022年）5月に、狂犬病高リスク国家から輸入される動物を通じ、合衆国に狂犬病が忍び込んでいる可能性を警告した事態が起こっている。

[Byline: Caitlin Tilley]

*******
[7] Kentucky (Simpson County): dog

[7]ケンタッキー州（Simpson郡）：イヌ
Date: Fri 9 Dec 2022
Source: Columbia Magazine [edited]
http://www.columbiamagazine.com/index.php?sid=125193

The Barren River District Health Department is reporting a dog in the southwest corner of Simpson County near the Logan County line tested positive for rabies on Thu 8 Dec 2022. The dog was exhibiting signs [of rabies] and was submitted for testing.

Barren River地区健康局は、Simpson郡南西の端に位置するLogan郡境界付近の犬が狂犬病陽性であったことを2022年12月8日に報告した。その犬は、（狂犬病の）徴候を呈していたため、検査された。

At this time, it is unknown how the dog became infected. Rabies is a viral disease attacking the nervous system. It is predominantly seen in bats and skunks, as well as in domestic animals, such as dogs and cats. The best protection for pet owners, their families, and their pets is to keep their dogs', cats', and ferrets' rabies vaccinations up to date.

現時点で、その犬の感染源は不明である。狂犬病は神経系を侵すウイルス性疾患である。犬や猫などの家畜だけではなく、コウモリやスカンクに多く見られる。飼い主、家族、そしてペットを守る最善の方法は、犬、猫、そしてフェレットに対する定期的な予防接種である。

[Byline: Ashli McCarty]

--

以下は一般的な内容であり翻訳していない。
Communicated by:
ProMED

[Rabies is a deadly virus! Deadly to animals, and to untreated humans.

Please don't take any chances with this disease. It wants your life, and it will take it, if you let it.

The good news is that there are ways to prevent this tragedy.

Preventions starts by keeping all your pets' rabies prevention vaccines up to date. Pets range in size from the small cat or dog to horses, cows, sheep, and goats.

If you are bitten by animal, especially a wild animal such as a skunk, fox, or coyote, or a domestic pet acting strangely, please clean the wound with soap and water and seek medical attention immediately. If you even think you have been bitten by a bat, seek medical treatment. Bats can bite and leave only a tiny scratch or no visible wound, but the rabies virus can enter the tiny scratch.

"Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) consists of a dose of human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) and rabies vaccine given on the day of the rabies exposure, and then a dose of vaccine given again on days 3, 7, and 14. For people who have never been vaccinated against rabies previously, postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) should always include administration of both HRIG and rabies vaccine. The combination of HRIG and vaccine is recommended for both bite and non-bite exposures, regardless of the interval between exposure and initiation of treatment.

"People who have been previously vaccinated or are receiving pre-exposure vaccination for rabies should receive only vaccine.

"Adverse reactions to rabies vaccine and immune globulin are not common. Newer vaccines in use today cause fewer adverse reactions than previously available vaccines. Mild, local reactions to the rabies vaccine, such as pain, redness, swelling, or itching at the injection site, have been reported. Rarely, symptoms such as headache, nausea, abdominal pain, muscle aches, and dizziness have been reported. Local pain and low-grade fever may follow injection of rabies immune globulin."

"The vaccine should be given at recommended intervals for best results. Talk to your doctor or state or local public health officials if you will not be able to have your shots at the recommended interval. Rabies prevention is a serious matter, and changes should not be made in the schedule of doses. Patient assistance programs that provide medications to uninsured or underinsured patients are available for rabies vaccine and immune globulin.

"People cannot transmit rabies to other people unless they themselves are sick with rabies. PEP will protect you from developing rabies, and therefore you cannot expose other people to rabies. You can continue to participate in your normal activities."
(https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/medical_care/index.html)

"Human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) is administered only once, at the beginning of anti-rabies prophylaxis, to previously unvaccinated persons. This will provide immediate antibodies until the body can respond to the vaccine by actively producing antibodies of its own. If possible, the full dose of HRIG should be thoroughly infiltrated in the area around and into the wounds. Any remaining volume should be injected intramuscularly at a site distant from vaccine administration.

"HRIG should never be administered in the same syringe or in the same anatomical site as the 1st vaccine dose. However, subsequent doses of vaccine in the 4-dose series can be administered in the same anatomic location where the HRIG dose was administered.

"If HRIG was not administered when vaccination was begun, it can be administered up to 7 days after the administration of the 1st dose of vaccine. Beyond the 7th day, HRIG is not recommended since an antibody response to the vaccine is presumed to have occurred.

"Because HRIG can partially suppress active production of antibody, no more than the recommended dose should be administered. The recommended dose of HRIG is 20 IU/kg body weight. This formula is applicable to all age groups, including children."
(https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/medical_care/hrig.html)

"A regimen of 4 1-mL doses of HDCV or PCEC vaccines should be administered intramuscularly to previously unvaccinated persons.

"The 1st dose of the 4-dose course should be administered as soon as possible after exposure. Additional doses should be administered on days 3, 7, and 14 after the 1st vaccination. For adults, the vaccination should always be administered intramuscularly in the deltoid area (arm). For children, the anterolateral aspect of the thigh is also acceptable. The gluteal area should never be used for rabies vaccine injections because observations suggest administration in this area results in lower neutralizing antibody titers."
(https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/medical_care/vaccine.html)

There is treatment if you are bitten, but it hinges on getting treatment immediately.

We express our sincere sympathy to the family that lost a child. - Mod.TG

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狂犬病臨床研究会から発信するProMEDの訳文です

狂犬病 (54): アメリカ (合衆国) 野生動物、イヌ、ネコ、ヒトへの暴露、致死的