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RABIES (51): AMERICAS (MEXICO) DOG TRANSMITTED RABIES ERADICATED
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A ProMED-mail post < http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
Date: Mon 11 Nov 2019
Source: Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)
< https://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15585>
Mexico has become the 1st country in the world to receive validation from the World Health Organization (WHO) for eliminating dog-transmitted rabies as a public health problem.
メキシコは，公衆衛生上の問題である，イヌ媒介狂犬病を排除したことについて世界保健機関（WHO）に認証を受けた最初の国となった．
"Eliminating [dog-transmitted] rabies doesn't happen by accident," said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. "It takes political resolve, careful planning, and meticulous execution. I congratulate the Government of Mexico on this wonderful achievement and hope many other countries will follow its example."
「（イヌ媒介）狂犬病の排除は，偶々起きることでは無い，そのためには政治的な解決，注意深い計画策定，そして慎重な計画遂行が必要である．わたしは，この素晴らしい成果，およびこの実例に続くであろう多くの国々の希望に対し，祝福したい．」と，WHO事務局長，Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesusは述べた．
Rabies causes 60 000 deaths each year, mainly in Asia and Africa. In Latin America and the Caribbean, new cases of rabies were reduced by more than 95 percent in humans and 98 percent in dogs since 1983.
狂犬病のため，アジアおよびアフリカを中心に毎年60,000人以上が死亡している．ラテンアメリカおよびカリブ諸国では，1983年から，人および犬の狂犬病症例はそれぞれ95％および98％減少している．
"By eliminating human rabies transmitted by dogs, Mexico is showing the world that ending infectious diseases for the next generation is possible and is the right way forward," said PAHO Director, Carissa F Etienne.
「イヌ媒介狂犬病の排除によって，メキシコは次世代のために感染性疾患を終わらせることが可能であり，および正しい進路であることを世界に対し示した．」と，PAHO（汎米保健機構）Carissa F Etienne事務局長は述べた．
Mexico's achievement
メキシコの成果
--------------------
In order to achieve elimination, the country has implemented a national strategy for the control and elimination of rabies. This includes free, mass vaccination campaigns for dogs, that have taken place since the 1990's with more than 80 percent coverage; continuous and effective surveillance; public awareness-raising campaigns; timely diagnosis; and the availability of post-exposure prophylaxis in the country's public health services.
排除に至るために，政府は狂犬病の管理および排除のための国家戦略を実行した．この戦略では，1990年代から開始された接種率80％以上の大規模な無料ワクチンキャンペーン；；継続的で効果的な動向調査；国民の意識向上キャンペーン；適時の診断；そして国立公衆衛生施設での暴露後予防の実施等の施策が実施された．
As a result, the country went from registering 60 cases of human rabies transmitted by dogs in 1990, to 3 cases in 1999, and zero cases in 2006. The last 2 cases occurred in 2 people from the State of Mexico, who were attacked in 2005 and presented symptoms in 2006.
この結果，公式に報告されたイヌ媒介狂犬病は，1990年に60症例あったが，1999年には3症例，2006年にはゼロとなった．最後の2症例はMexico州で報告され，いずれも2005年に犬に襲われ，2006年に発症している
The validation process
認証プロセス
----------------------
WHO considers a country to be free of rabies after registering 2 years of zero transmission of rabies to humans. However, there was previously no process to verify the achievement of this goal, until this was developed by PAHO/WHO. Mexico became the 1st country in the world to begin this in December 2016.
WHOでは，イヌ媒介狂犬病が公式にゼロになってから2年で，その国に狂犬病がないと判断する．しかし，PAHO/WHOによってプロセスが策定されるまで，目標に到達したと認証するプロセスは決まっていなかった．メキシコは，2016年12月に，このプロセスを開始した世界で最初の国になった．
The validation process was extensive and included the creation of a group of independent international experts established by PAHO/WHO. It also included the preparation, by Mexico, of an almost 300-page file containing all historical information about the situation of rabies in the country. PAHO and its specialized center in veterinary public health, PANAFTOSA, accompanied and supervised the implementation of the validation process throughout.
この認証プロセスは広範囲におよび，PAHO/WHOによって設立された独立した国際的な専門家グループの構築も含まれる．さらに，メキシコにおける狂犬病の歴史的状況について約300ページに及ぶ報告書を作成することも含まれた．PAHOおよびその獣医公衆衛生部門であるPANAFTOSAは，認証プロセスを通じ，その実施に協力し、監督した．
The group of experts carried out a mission to Mexico in September 2018 to review the file and verify the country complied with all WHO requirements. In September 2019, the group recommended the Director General of WHO and PAHO validate the elimination.
専門家グループは，2018年12月にメキシコに対する書類審査を遂行し，当該国がWHOの要求基準に全て適合することを認証した．2019年9月に，WHOおよびPAHO両事務局長に対し，排除を認証することを答申した．
Moving forward
未来に向けて
--------------
In order to sustain elimination, PAHO/WHO recommends continuing all rabies prevention, surveillance and control actions, particularly as rabies virus continues to circulate among wild animals such as bats.
排除状態を持続するため，PAHO/WHOは，特にコウモリなど野生動物で狂犬病ウィルスが循環している間は，狂犬病予防全般，調査及び管理に関する活動を継続することを推奨している．
PAHO collaborated with the countries of the Americas to eliminate rabies through technical cooperation, staff training, periodic meetings between those responsible for the issue in-country, and through the provision of recommendations on international standards. As of September 2019, there have been zero cases of rabies transmitted by dogs in humans in the Americas.
PAHOはアメリカ大陸の国々と，技術的な協力，関係職員の訓練，国内における関係諸機関での定期的な情報交換，そして国際水準の推奨事項を提供することを通じ協働た．
In addition to rabies, Mexico eliminated onchocerciasis in 2015 and trachoma in 2017, 3 of the more than 30 infectious diseases and related conditions that PAHO's new Communicable Disease Elimination Initiative in the Region of the Americas has set as a goal for elimination from the continent by 2030.
メキシコは，狂犬病に加え，2015年にオンコセルカ症，2017年にはトラコーマと，PAHOの新しいアメリカ地域における感染症根絶戦略（Communicable Disease Elimination Initiative in the Region of the Americas）で2030年までに大陸から排除することを目標として設定した，30を超える感染症および関連する状態の内，3種類を排除した．
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Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
[This is certainly an outstanding achievement and should be celebrated by all. It is also an example to other countries.
これは疑いなく，人類全てから賞賛されるべき傑出した成果である．そして，全ての国の参考となる．
Of course, someone acquiring rabies from a bat would be outside of this situation. This WHO/PAHO validation specifically refers to rabies acquired from dog bites.
勿論，この状況の外で，コウモリから狂犬病に罹患する者はありうる．このWHO/PAHOの認証は，犬の咬傷からの狂犬病感染に特化している．
This is a great milestone. Congratulations Mexico! - Mod.TG
これは大きな一里塚である．おめでとう，メキシコ！
HealthMap/ProMED-mail map of Mexico:
< http://healthmap.org/promed/p/14>]
[See Also:
Rabies (50): Americas (USA) cat, dog, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20191110.6771632
Rabies (49): Americas (USA) fox, human exp
http://promedmail.org/post/20191108.6769314
Rabies (48): Americas (USA) cat, dog, raccoon, human exp
http://promedmail.org/post/20191031.6752781
Rabies (47): Americas (USA) skunk, alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20191022.6740671
Rabies (45): Americas (USA) dog, skunk, raccoon, fox, human exp
http://promedmail.org/post/20190917.6678064
Rabies (44): Americas (USA) bat, human exp
http://promedmail.org/post/20190904.6657837
Rabies (43): Americas (USA) fox, bat, human exp
http://promedmail.org/post/20190825.6639484
Rabies (42): Americas (USA) dog, cat, fox, raccoon, human exp
http://promedmail.org/post/20190810.6615389
Rabies (41): Americas (Canada) bat, human exp
http://promedmail.org/post/20190802.6602497
Rabies (40): Americas (USA) bat, human exp
http://promedmail.org/post/20190730.6595948
Rabies (39): Americas (Canada, USA) bat, fox, kitten, raccoon, human
http://promedmail.org/post/20190724.6584394
Rabies (38): Americas (Canada, USA) bat, fox, human
http://promedmail.org/post/20190718.6574088
Rabies (37): Americas (USA) cat, fox, raccoon, human exp
http://promedmail.org/post/20190707.6555131
Rabies (34): Americas (USA) cat, dog, skunk, bat, human exp
http://promedmail.org/post/20190613.6517390
Rabies (32): Americas, Brazil (PA) susp., RFI
http://promedmail.org/post/20190604.6503047
Rabies (30): Americas, USA (FL, NC) cat, fox, dog, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20190526.6488419
Rabies (28): Americas, USA, cattle, imported dogs, corr.
http://promedmail.org/post/20190512.6466342
Rabies (28): Americas (USA) cattle, imported dogs
http://promedmail.org/post/20190511.6465671
Rabies (26): Americas (USA) fox, raccoon, dog, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20190507.6459317
Rabies (15): Americas, Brazil (RS) bat, cattle
http://promedmail.org/post/20190409.6413470
Rabies (13): Americas, USA (CO, PA) dog, cow, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20190327.6390272
Rabies (12): Americas, USA (SC, CT) raccoon, dog, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20190322.6380311
Rabies (11): Americas, USA (FL) raccoon, alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20190320.6375303
Rabies (10): Americas, USA (SC) goat, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20190313.6365399
Rabies (09): Americas, USA (NY) raccoon, alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20190313.6363251
2018
----
Rabies (48): Americas (USA) raccoon, human exp., susp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20180921.6044436
Rabies (37): Americas (USA) raccoon, feline, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180707.5893249
Rabies (36): Americas (USA) bat, alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20180704.5888152
Rabies (35): Americas (USA)
http://promedmail.org/post/20180701.5884464
Rabies (33): Americas (USA) bat, comment
http://promedmail.org/post/20180615.5858003
Rabies (30): Americas (USA) bat, comment
http://promedmail.org/post/20180608.5846452
Rabies (29): Americas (USA) bat, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180606.5843054
Rabies (17): Americas (USA) bat, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20180328.5714194
Rabies (10): Americas (USA) fox, susp., human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180215.5630732
Rabies (06): Americas (USA) human, bat, canine exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180116.5562905
Rabies (05): Americas (USA) fox, susp., human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180112.5556138
Rabies (04): Americas (USA, Brazil) bat, human, Milwaukee protocol
http://promedmail.org/post/20180111.5553455
2017
----
Rabies (42): Americas (USA) bat, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20171002.5355205
Rabies (38): Americas (USA)
http://promedmail.org/post/20170731.5216276
Rabies (36): Americas (USA) wildlife, multiple human exposures
http://promedmail.org/post/20170725.5203948
Rabies (34): Americas (USA) bat, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20170719.5188826
Rabies (33): Americas (USA) bobcat, canine & human exposures
http://promedmail.org/post/20170718.5186364
Rabies (28): Americas (USA) bat, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20170707.5157811
Rabies (27): Americas (USA) feline
http://promedmail.org/post/20170702.5145002
Rabies (49): Americas (USA) fox, human exp
http://promedmail.org/post/20191108.6769314
Rabies (48): Americas (USA) cat, dog, raccoon, human exp
http://promedmail.org/post/20191031.6752781
Rabies (47): Americas (USA) skunk, alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20191022.6740671
Rabies (45): Americas (USA) dog, skunk, raccoon, fox, human exp
http://promedmail.org/post/20190917.6678064
Rabies (44): Americas (USA) bat, human exp
http://promedmail.org/post/20190904.6657837
Rabies (43): Americas (USA) fox, bat, human exp
http://promedmail.org/post/20190825.6639484
Rabies (42): Americas (USA) dog, cat, fox, raccoon, human exp
http://promedmail.org/post/20190810.6615389
Rabies (41): Americas (Canada) bat, human exp
http://promedmail.org/post/20190802.6602497
Rabies (40): Americas (USA) bat, human exp
http://promedmail.org/post/20190730.6595948
Rabies (39): Americas (Canada, USA) bat, fox, kitten, raccoon, human
http://promedmail.org/post/20190724.6584394
Rabies (38): Americas (Canada, USA) bat, fox, human
http://promedmail.org/post/20190718.6574088
Rabies (37): Americas (USA) cat, fox, raccoon, human exp
http://promedmail.org/post/20190707.6555131
Rabies (34): Americas (USA) cat, dog, skunk, bat, human exp
http://promedmail.org/post/20190613.6517390
Rabies (32): Americas, Brazil (PA) susp., RFI
http://promedmail.org/post/20190604.6503047
Rabies (30): Americas, USA (FL, NC) cat, fox, dog, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20190526.6488419
Rabies (28): Americas, USA, cattle, imported dogs, corr.
http://promedmail.org/post/20190512.6466342
Rabies (28): Americas (USA) cattle, imported dogs
http://promedmail.org/post/20190511.6465671
Rabies (26): Americas (USA) fox, raccoon, dog, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20190507.6459317
Rabies (15): Americas, Brazil (RS) bat, cattle
http://promedmail.org/post/20190409.6413470
Rabies (13): Americas, USA (CO, PA) dog, cow, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20190327.6390272
Rabies (12): Americas, USA (SC, CT) raccoon, dog, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20190322.6380311
Rabies (11): Americas, USA (FL) raccoon, alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20190320.6375303
Rabies (10): Americas, USA (SC) goat, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20190313.6365399
Rabies (09): Americas, USA (NY) raccoon, alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20190313.6363251
2018
----
Rabies (48): Americas (USA) raccoon, human exp., susp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20180921.6044436
Rabies (37): Americas (USA) raccoon, feline, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180707.5893249
Rabies (36): Americas (USA) bat, alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20180704.5888152
Rabies (35): Americas (USA)
http://promedmail.org/post/20180701.5884464
Rabies (33): Americas (USA) bat, comment
http://promedmail.org/post/20180615.5858003
Rabies (30): Americas (USA) bat, comment
http://promedmail.org/post/20180608.5846452
Rabies (29): Americas (USA) bat, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180606.5843054
Rabies (17): Americas (USA) bat, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20180328.5714194
Rabies (10): Americas (USA) fox, susp., human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180215.5630732
Rabies (06): Americas (USA) human, bat, canine exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180116.5562905
Rabies (05): Americas (USA) fox, susp., human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180112.5556138
Rabies (04): Americas (USA, Brazil) bat, human, Milwaukee protocol
http://promedmail.org/post/20180111.5553455
2017
----
Rabies (42): Americas (USA) bat, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20171002.5355205
Rabies (38): Americas (USA)
http://promedmail.org/post/20170731.5216276
Rabies (36): Americas (USA) wildlife, multiple human exposures
http://promedmail.org/post/20170725.5203948
Rabies (34): Americas (USA) bat, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20170719.5188826
Rabies (33): Americas (USA) bobcat, canine & human exposures
http://promedmail.org/post/20170718.5186364
Rabies (28): Americas (USA) bat, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20170707.5157811
Rabies (27): Americas (USA) feline
