RABIES (47): USA (FLORIDA, TEXAS) COYOTE, BAT, HUMAN EXPOSURE
※和訳は正確を期していますが、必ず原文を参照してくださいますようお願いします。
Summary
要約
In Florida, a rabies alert has been issued for a specific area of Duval County after a coyote, confirmed to have rabies, attacked multiple people and dogs. Health officials are monitoring the situation and advising residents to avoid contact with wild animals.
フロリダ州では、狂犬病に感染していることが確認されたコヨーテが複数の人や犬を襲ったことを受け、デュバル郡の特定の地域に対して狂犬病についての警報が発令された。保健当局は状況を監視し、住民に対し野生動物との接触を避けるよう勧告している。
In Texas, San Angelo Animal Services issued a warning following a second incident of potential rabies exposure involving a bat. The public is urged to avoid contact with bats due to the risk of rabies transmission.
テキサス州では、コウモリによる狂犬病への曝露の疑いのある事例の2件目が発生したことを受け、サンアンジェロ動物保護局が警告を発令した。狂犬病感染の危険性があるため、コウモリとの接触を避けるよう強く呼びかけられている。
[1] Florida (Duval County): coyote, dogs, human exposure
Date: Sun 4 May 2025
Source: Jacksonville Florida Times-Union [edited]
[1] フロリダ州（デュバル郡）：コヨーテ、犬、人間への曝露
日付：2025年5月4日（日）
出典：ジャクソンビル・フロリダ・タイムズ・ユニオン [編集済]
Florida Health Dept: Coyote that terrorized Atlantic Beach with 5 attacks in 2 days had rabies
The coyote that unleashed 5 attacks on people and dogs over 2 days in Atlantic Beach and was killed by police had rabies, the Florida Departmentof Health confirmed.
フロリダ州保健局：2日間で5回も襲撃事件を起こし、アトランティックビーチを恐怖に陥れたコヨーテは狂犬病に感染していた。
フロリダ州保健局は、アトランティックビーチで2日間に5回も人や犬を襲撃し、警察に射殺されたコヨーテが狂犬病に感染していたことを確認した。
The department issued a rabies alert for Duval County and said it is monitoring the disease among animals in the area.
保健局はデュバル郡に狂犬病警報を発令し、同地域の動物における狂犬病の発生を監視していると発表した。
"All residents and visitors should be aware rabies is currently present in the wild animal population," health officials said. "People and domestic animals should always avoid physical contact with wild animals (e.g., raccoons, bats, foxes, skunks, otters, bobcats, coyotes), which carry a higher risk of human exposure and a need for rabies post-exposure treatment."
「すべての住民と訪問者は、現在、野生動物に狂犬病が存在することを認識する必要がある。」と保健当局は述べている。「人と家畜は、野生動物（アライグマ、コウモリ、キツネ、スカンク、カワウソ、ボブキャット、コヨーテなど）との接触を常に避けるべきである。これらの動物は、人への感染リスクが高く、狂犬病の曝露後治療が必要となる場合がある。」
The alert is for 60 days and includes the following areas in Duval County:
この警報は60日間発令され、デュバル郡の以下の地域が対象となる。
- Northern boundary: Modesky Park
- Southern boundary: Seagate Avenue
- Eastern boundary: Beach Avenue
- Western boundary: North San Pablo Road
- 北の境界：モデスキー公園
- 南の境界：シーゲート通り
- 東の境界：ビーチ通り
- 西の境界：ノースサンパブロ通り
Both Atlantic Beach Police Chief Victor Gualillo and Mayor Curtis Ford had indicated it was highly possible the coyote, which Ford said is believed to have been female, was diseased due to its unusual aggression. They also believe it's just the one coyote that's responsible.
アトランティックビーチ警察署長のビクター・グアリロ氏とカーティス・フォード市長は共に、このコヨーテ（フォード市長によると雌と思われる）が異常な攻撃性を示したことから、感染していた可能性が高いと示唆した。また、原因は1匹のコヨーテだけであると考えている。
[Byline: Scott Butler]
[署名：スコット・バトラー]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED
[2] Texas (San Angelo): bat, 2 people
Date: Fri 2 May 2025
Source: San Angelo Live [edited]
[2] テキサス州（サンアンジェロ）：コウモリ、ヒト2名
日付：2025年5月2日（金）
出典：サンアンジェロライブ [編集済]
San Angelo Animal Services Issues Warning After Second Rabies Exposure Involving Bat
サンアンジェロ動物保護局、コウモリによる2例目の狂犬病曝露を受けて警告を発令
A 2nd rabies exposure incident involving a bat has been reported in San Angelo, prompting a renewed warning from Animal Services.
サンアンジェロで、コウモリによる狂犬病への曝露事故の2件目が報告された後、動物保護局は改めて警告を発した。
On 2 May 2025, a woman and her child petted a grounded bat which was later confirmed to be infected with rabies. Medical, health and safety protocols were implemented in response, according to a statement released by San Angelo Animal Services. The incident follows an earlier case in which a child handled a dead bat and was exposed to the virus.
2025年5月2日、ある女性とその子供が地面に倒れたコウモリを撫でたところ、後に狂犬病に感染していることが確認された。サンアンジェロ動物保護局が発表した声明によると、これを受けて医療、健康、安全対策が実施された。この事例は、以前にも子供が死んだコウモリに触れてウイルスに曝露した事例に続くものである。
Officials are urging the public not to touch or interact with bats, alive or dead, as they can carry rabies and other diseases. Anyone who encounters a grounded or injured bat is asked to contact Animal Services immediately.
当局は、コウモリは狂犬病などの病気を媒介する可能性があるため、生きているコウモリも死んでいるコウモリも触ったり、接触したりしないよう、一般市民に呼びかけている。地面に倒れていたり、負傷したコウモリに遭遇した場合は、直ちに動物保護局に連絡すること。
The Texas Department of State Health Services has identified bats as a growing source of rabies variants transmitted to humans.
テキサス州保健局は、コウモリが人に感染する狂犬病の変異株の発生源として増加していることを確認している。
[Byline: Lucas Banda]
[署名：ルーカス・バンダ]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED
Moderator Comments
モデレーターのコメント
Rabies is a deadly virus. Deadly to unvaccinated pets and to people who do not seek treatment immediately if they are bitten. And those who have been vaccinated need to seek treatment as well, to be sure their titers are still effective.
狂犬病は致死的なウイルス病である。ワクチン接種を受けていないペットや、咬まれた際にすぐに治療を受けない人にとっては致命的である。ワクチン接種済みの人も、抗体価が有効なことを確認するために、必ず治療を受ける必要がある。
If you are bitten wash the wound with copious amounts of soap and water. Visit your physician or the emergency unit. There is a protocol for post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) if you are bitten or scratched by a confirmed rabid animal.
もし咬まれた場合は、傷口を大量の石鹸と水で洗い流すこと。医師または救急外来を受診すること。狂犬病に感染していることが確認された動物に咬まれたり引っ掻かれたりした場合は、曝露後予防（PEP）のプロトコルがある。
"Overview（概要）
Rabies is a fatal but preventable viral disease, which can spread to people and pets through bites and scratches from an infected animal. Rabies can cause severe disease and death if urgent medical care is not sought after a rabies exposure. The virus is fatal if rabies-related medical care, called postexposure prophylaxis or PEP, is not started before symptoms begin to show.
狂犬病は致命的であるが予防可能なウイルス病で、感染した動物に咬まれたり引っかかれたりすることで人やペットに感染する。狂犬病に感染した後に緊急の医療処置を受けなければ、重篤な症状を引き起こし、死に至る可能性がある。症状が現れる前に曝露後予防（PEP）と呼ばれる狂犬病関連の医療処置を開始しないと、致命的な結果となる。
"Rabies is rare in people in the United States, with only 1 to 3 cases reported each year. However, each year about 60,000 Americans receive PEP following an exposure.
米国では、ヒトの狂犬病はまれで、毎年1～3件しか報告されていない。しかし、毎年約6万人のアメリカ人が曝露後にPEPを受けている。
"Who is at risk（誰がリスクにさらされているのか）
There have been no confirmed instances of human-to-human transmission of rabies virus aside from those attributable to organ and tissue transplantation. Rabies virus is transmitted through direct contact with infectious tissue or fluids. Rabies virus is not transmitted through contaminated objects or materials such as clothes or bedding.
臓器や組織の移植に起因するものを除き、狂犬病ウイルスのヒトからヒトへの感染例は確認されていない。狂犬病ウイルスは、感染組織や体液との直接接触によって感染する。衣類や寝具などの汚染された物や材料を介して感染することはない。
"Healthcare workers providing care to patients with suspected or confirmed rabies should protect themselves by using standard precautions. Healthcare workers caring for patients with rabies do not pose a risk to their families or community.
狂犬病の疑いがある、または確定診断された患者をケアする医療従事者は、標準予防策を講じて自らを守る必要がある。狂犬病患者をケアする医療従事者は、家族や地域社会にリスクをもたらすことはない。
"Exposure risks（曝露リスク）
People and pets can be exposed to rabies through bites and scratches from animals infected with rabies. In the U.S., rabies is mostly found in wild animals like bats, raccoons, skunks, and foxes. But in many other countries, dogs are still carriers of rabies. It's crucial to inquire about recent contact with wild animals, especially if the patient has been scratched or bitten. Also, ask about recent travel to areas where rabies in dogs is prevalent.
狂犬病に感染した動物に咬まれたり引っかかれたりすることで、人やペットが狂犬病に感染する可能性がある。米国では、狂犬病はコウモリ、アライグマ、スカンク、キツネなどの野生動物に多く見られる。しかし、他の多くの国では、犬が依然として狂犬病のキャリアとなっている。特に患者が引っかかれたり咬まれたりした場合は、野生動物との最近の接触について尋ねることが重要である。また、犬の狂犬病が流行している地域への最近の旅行についても尋ねること。
"How it spreads（どのように感染拡大するか）
Rabies is spread when an infected animal, usually wild, bites or scratches other animals or people. The virus is usually carried in saliva or mucus and spreads through broken skin.
狂犬病は、感染した動物（通常は野生動物）が他の動物や人を咬んだり引っかいたりすることで感染する。ウイルスは通常、唾液や粘液に含まれており、皮膚の傷口から感染する。
"Signs and symptoms（兆候と症状）
"After a rabies exposure, the rabies virus must travel to the brain before it can cause symptoms. This time between exposure and the appearance of symptoms is the incubation period, and it may last for weeks to months.
狂犬病に曝露された後、狂犬病ウイルスは脳に到達して初めて症状を引き起こす。曝露を受けてから症状が現れるまでの期間は潜伏期と呼ばれ、数週間から数ヶ月続くことがある。
"The 1st symptoms of rabies may be like the flu, including weakness or discomfort, fever, or headache. There also may be discomfort, prickling, or an itching sensation at the site of the bite. These symptoms may last for several days. Usually, severe disease appears within 2 weeks of the 1st symptoms, when the rabies virus causes brain dysfunction. Common signs include anxiety, confusion, agitation, and hallucinations. Once clinical signs of rabies appear, the disease is nearly always fatal, and treatment is typically supportive.
狂犬病の最初の症状は、インフルエンザに似ており、脱力感や不快感、発熱、頭痛などが見られる。また、咬まれた部位に不快感、チクチクする感じ、痒みを感じることもある。これらの症状は数日間続くことがある。通常、最初の症状が現れてから2週間以内に重症化し、狂犬病ウイルスが脳機能障害を引き起こす。一般的な兆候としては、不安、錯乱、興奮、幻覚などがある。狂犬病の臨床症状が現れると、ほぼ確実に致命的となり、治療は通常、支持療法となる。
"Assessing a patient for suspected rabies exposure
狂犬病曝露の疑いのある患者の評価
Most rabies exposures require medical attention quickly, but they do not require an immediate trip to the emergency room unless the wound needs immediate medical attention. A patient should be immediately assessed for rabies-related care in the following cases:
- They had direct contact with bats unless a bite or scratch can be definitively ruled out.
- They had exposure to certain high-risk animals, which typically include bats, raccoons, skunks, foxes, and mongoose.
- They had severe exposures, such as multiple bite wounds or exposures to the head and neck.
- They are a young child.
狂犬病に曝露された場合のほとんどは迅速な医療処置が必要であるが、受傷部位に緊急の医療処置が必要な場合を除き、救急救命室の受診は不要である。以下の場合には、患者は直ちに狂犬病関連のケアについて評価を受ける必要がある。
- コウモリと直接接触していて、咬傷または引っ掻き傷が明確に除外されない。
- コウモリ、アライグマ、スカンク、キツネ、マングースなどの特定の高リスク動物との曝露があった。
- 複数の咬傷や頭部および頸部への曝露など、重度の曝露があった。
- 幼児である。
When assessing the need for PEP in a patient with a suspected exposure, the following should be considered:
曝露が疑われる患者のPEPの必要性を評価する際には、以下の点を考慮する必要がある。
- Geographic location: Bats are a risk for rabies in every state besides Hawaii. Other high-risk animals are found in specific geographic areas of the U.S. In many countries outside of the U.S., dogs present the highest rabies risk. Consult your health department for more information on geographic rabies risk.
- 地理的位置：コウモリはハワイ州を除くすべての州で狂犬病のリスクとなる。その他の高リスク動物は、米国の特定の地域に生息している。米国以外の多くの国では、犬が最も高い狂犬病のリスクを示す。地理的な狂犬病リスクに関する詳細については、あなたの地域の保健所に問いあわせること。
- Type of animal: All mammals are susceptible to rabies, however certain species are at higher risk to transmit the virus to people. These include bats, raccoons, skunks, foxes, and mongoose.
- Behavior of the animal: Rabies causes behavioral changes in animals which may not be obvious until several days after they become infectious. Unprovoked bite or scratches, and signs of apparent illness are often associated with rabid animals.
- 動物の行動：狂犬病は動物に行動の変化を引き起こすが、感染してから数日経つまで症状が明らかにならない場合がある。理由もなく咬まれたり引っ掻かれたり、明らかな病気の兆候は、狂犬病に感染した動物によく見られる。
A risk assessment should always be conducted by a health official familiar with rabies. If you need assistance in conducting a rabies risk assessment, contact your state or local health department.
リスク評価は、必ず狂犬病を十分理解した保健当局者によって実施される必要がある。狂犬病リスク評価の実施について支援が必要な場合は、州または地域の保健所に問い合わせること。
"Rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP)
狂犬病曝露後予防（PEP）
For people who have never had a rabies vaccine, rabies PEP consists of wound washing, a dose of human rabies immune globulin (HRIG), and a rabies vaccine given at the time of the first medical visit. Then, it includes a dose of vaccine given again on days 3, 7, and 14 after the 1st dose.
狂犬病ワクチンを接種したことがない人の場合、狂犬病PEPは、創傷洗浄、ヒト狂犬病免疫グロブリン（HRIG）の投与、そして初回診察時に接種する狂犬病ワクチンから構成される。その後、初回接種から3日目、7日目、14日目に再度ワクチンを接種する。
Pregnancy is not a contraindication for rabies PEP and exposure to rabies or a rabies diagnosis in the mother does not require pregnancy termination.
狂犬病に対するPEPは妊婦に対して禁忌ではなく、母親が狂犬病に曝露された場合や狂犬病と診断された場合でも、妊娠中絶は必要ない。
Human rabies vaccine and immunoglobulin must be administered according to ACIP guidelines to ensure effectiveness and safety.
Rabies post-exposure prophylaxis should not be interrupted due to mild reactions; serious reactions are rare and need careful management.
ヒト用狂犬病ワクチンと免疫グロブリンは、有効性と安全性を確保するため、ACIPガイドラインに従って投与する必要がある。
軽度の副反応を理由に狂犬病曝露後予防を中断してはならない。重篤な反応はまれであり、慎重な管理が必要である。
"Rabies Post-exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)
狂犬病曝露後予防（PEP）
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) develops the U.S. recommendations about how to use vaccines to prevent disease in the United States, including how to prevent rabies in people.
米国予防接種実施諮問委員会（ACIP）は、米国における狂犬病予防のためのワクチンの使用方法に関する米国の推奨事項を策定している。これには、ヒトにおける狂犬病の予防方法も含まれる。
Rabies PEP consists of wound washing, a dose of human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) and rabies vaccine given at the time of your first medical visit, and a dose of vaccine given again on days 3, 7, and 14 after the first dose. Pregnancy is not a contraindication for rabies PEP, and exposure to rabies or a rabies diagnosis in the mother does not require pregnancy termination.
狂犬病PEPは、創傷洗浄、初回診察時にヒト狂犬病免疫グロブリン（HRIG）と狂犬病ワクチンの投与、そして初回投与後3日目、7日目、14日目に再度ワクチン投与を行うことで構成される。妊娠は狂犬病PEPの禁忌ではなく、母親が狂犬病に曝露した場合、または狂犬病と診断された場合、妊娠中絶は必要ない。
"Wound care
創傷ケア
Regardless of the risk for rabies, bite wounds can cause serious injury, such as nerve or tendon laceration and infection. For many types of bite wounds, immediate and gentle irrigation with water or a dilute water povidone-iodine solution has been shown to markedly decrease the risk of bacterial infection.
狂犬病のリスクの有無にかかわらず、咬傷は神経や腱の裂傷や感染症など、深刻な傷害を引き起こす可能性がある。多くの種類の咬傷に対して、水または希釈したポビドンヨード水で速やかに優しく洗浄することで、細菌感染のリスクを大幅に低減できることが示されている。
Wound cleansing is especially important in rabies prevention since, in animal studies, thorough wound cleansing alone without other medical treatments (e.g., PEP) has been shown to markedly reduce the likelihood of rabies.
動物実験では、他の医療処置（例：PEP）を施さずに、創傷を徹底的に洗浄するだけで、狂犬病の発症リスクを大幅に低減できることが示されており、創傷洗浄は狂犬病予防において特に重要である。
Decisions regarding the use of antibiotics and primary wound closure should be made together with the patient.
抗生物質の使用と一次創傷閉鎖については、患者と相談して決定する必要がある。
"Rabies vaccine
狂犬病ワクチン
For people who have never been vaccinated against rabies, PEP should always include the administration of both HRIG and rabies vaccine. The combination of HRIG and vaccine is recommended for both bite and non-bite exposures, regardless of the interval between exposure and initiation of treatment, so long as the patient is not showing signs consistent with rabies. People who have been previously vaccinated or are receiving pre-exposure vaccination for rabies should not receive HRIG. PEP for persons who have previously been vaccinated against rabies consists of two doses of vaccine, 3 days apart.
狂犬病ワクチンを接種したことがない人の場合、PEPには必ずHRIGと狂犬病ワクチンの両方の接種を含める必要がある。HRIGとワクチンの併用は、咬傷による曝露の有無にかかわらず、患者が狂犬病に一致する症状を示していない限り、曝露から治療開始までの期間に関わらず推奨される。過去に狂犬病ワクチンを接種したことがある人、または曝露前ワクチン接種を受けている人は、HRIGを接種してはならない。過去に狂犬病ワクチンを接種したことがある人の場合、PEPは3日間隔で2回接種する。
The vaccine should be given at recommended intervals for best results. Minor deviations of just several days are acceptable, but longer deviations in this schedule may reduce PEP effectiveness. Talk to your local or state public health officials if the patient will not be able to receive their vaccination at the recommended interval. Vaccines should never be administered into the gluteal area.
最良の結果を得るには、ワクチンは推奨間隔で接種する必要がある。数日程度のわずかなずれは許容されるが、このスケジュールからそれ以上ずれるとPEPの効果が低下する可能性がある。患者が推奨間隔でワクチン接種を受けることができない場合は、地域または州の公衆衛生当局に相談してもらいたい。ワクチンは臀部には絶対に接種しないこと。
"Human Rabies Immune Globulin
HRIG is administered only once at the beginning of the PEP course, and only to previously unvaccinated persons. This will provide immediate antibodies until the body can respond to the vaccine by actively producing antibodies of its own. The recommended dose of HRIG is 20 IU/kg body weight. This formula applies to all age groups, including children. Certain HRIG products are highly concentrated; practice caution when determining the correct volume of HRIG for a patient.
ヒト狂犬病免疫グロブリン（HRIG）は、PEPの開始時に1回のみ、かつワクチン未接種者にのみ投与される。これにより、体がワクチンに反応して自ら抗体を活発に産生できるようになるまで、即座に抗体が供給される。HRIGの推奨用量は体重1kgあたり20 IUである。この処方は、小児を含むすべての年齢層に適用される。一部のHRIG製品は非常に高濃度であるため、患者に対するHRIGの適切な用量を決定する際には注意が必要である。
If possible, the full dose of HRIG should be thoroughly infiltrated into the area around and into the wounds. Any remaining volume should be injected intramuscularly at a site distant from vaccine administration. Because HRIG can partially suppress the active production of antibodies, no more than the recommended dose should be administered.
可能であれば、HRIGの全用量を創傷周囲および創傷内に十分に浸透させる必要がある。残りの量は、ワクチン投与部位から離れた部位に筋肉内注射すること。HRIGは抗体の活発な産生を部分的に抑制する可能性があるため、推奨用量を超えて投与しないこと。
HRIG should never be administered in the same syringe or in the same anatomical site as the 1st vaccine dose. However, subsequent doses of vaccine in the 4-dose series can be administered in the same anatomic location where the HRIG dose was administered.
HRIGは、1回目のワクチン投与と同じ注射器を用いて。または、1回目のワクチンと同じ解剖学的部位に投与しないこと。ただし、4回接種における2回目以降のワクチン投与は、HRIGが投与された部位と同じ解剖学的部位に投与することができる。
If HRIG was not administered when vaccination was begun, it can be administered up to the 3rd dose of vaccine (Day 7). After the 3rd dose is administered, HRIG is not recommended since an antibody response to the vaccine is presumed to have occurred.
ワクチン接種開始時にHRIGが投与されなかった場合、3回目のワクチン接種（7日目）までは投与が可能である。3回目のワクチン接種以降は、ワクチンに対する抗体反応が発現したと推定されるため、HRIGの投与は推奨されない。
"Post-exposure prophylaxis for non-immunized Individuals
ワクチン未接種者に対する曝露後予防法
Treatment Regimen:
治療指針
Wound Cleansing
- All PEP should begin with immediate thorough cleansing of all wounds with soap and water. If available, a virucidal agent such as a povidone-iodine solution should be used to irrigate the wounds.
創傷洗浄
- すべてのPEPは、石鹸と水ですべての創傷を直ちに徹底的に洗浄することから開始するべきである。入手可能であれば、ポビドンヨード溶液などの殺ウイルス剤を用いて創傷を洗浄する。
HRIG
- If possible, the full dose should be infiltrated around any wound(s) and any remaining volume should be administered IM at an anatomical site distant from vaccine administration. Also, HRIG should not be administered in the same syringe as a vaccine. Because HRIG might partially suppress the active production of antibodies, no more than the recommended dose should be given.
- 可能であれば、全量を創傷周囲に浸潤させ、残りの量はワクチン投与部位から離れた解剖学的部位に筋肉内投与されるべきである。また、HRIGはワクチンと同じ注射器で投与しないこと。HRIGは抗体の活発な産生を部分的に抑制する可能性があるため、推奨用量を超えて投与しないこと。
Vaccine
- HDCV or PCECV 1.0 mL, intramuscularly in the deltoid area (for children anterolateral aspect of the thigh is acceptable), one each on days 0 , 3, 7, and 14. A 5th dose on day 28 is recommended for persons with a confirmed or suspected immune disorder. Vaccines should never be administered in the gluteal area.
ワクチン
- HDCV［Human Diploid Cell Vaccine；ヒト二倍体細胞ワクチン（訳者注）］またはPCECV ［Purified Chick Embryo Cell Vaccine；精製鶏胚由来細胞ワクチン（訳者注）］1.0 mLを三角筋領域（小児の場合は大腿部前外側部）に筋肉内投与する。0日目、3日目、7日目、14日目にそれぞれ1回ずつ投与します。28日目の第5回目の投与は、免疫異常が確定診断されている、または疑われている人に推奨される。ワクチンは臀部には絶対に接種しないこと。
Post-exposure prophylaxis for previously immunized individuals
過去に狂犬病予防接種を受けたことがある者に対する曝露後予防
Treatment Regimen
治療指針
Wound cleansing
- All post-exposure prophylaxis should begin with immediate thorough cleansing of all wounds with soap and water. If available, a virucidal agent such as a povidone-iodine solution should be used to irrigate the wounds.
創傷洗浄
- すべての曝露後予防は、すべての創傷を石鹸と水で直ちに徹底的に洗浄することから始めること。可能であれば、ポビドンヨード溶液などの殺ウイルス剤を使用して創傷を洗浄すること。
RIG
- RIG should NOT be administered.
Vaccine
- HDCV or PCECV 1.0 mL, intramuscularly in the deltoid area (for children anterolateral aspect of the thigh is acceptable), one each on days 0 and 3. Vaccines should never be administered in the gluteal area.
ワクチン
- HDCVまたはPCECV 1.0 mLを三角筋部（小児の場合は大腿部の前外側部でも可）に筋肉内注射する。接種は0日目と3日目にそれぞれ1回ずつ行う。ワクチンは臀部には絶対に接種しないこと。
"Medical care received outside of the U.S.
Rabies PEP received outside the U.S. may include medications not used in the United States. When returning to the United States, additional therapy might be necessary. Public health officials [link] should be contacted for specific advice in such cases.
米国外で受けた医療の扱い
米国外で受けた狂犬病PEPには、米国では使用されていない薬剤が含まれている場合がある。米国に帰国する際には、追加の治療が必要になる場合がある。そのような場合は、公衆衛生当局［リンク］に連絡して具体的なアドバイスを受けること。
Generally, if the PEP regimen received is recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) [Link to TRS], then no further medical care is necessary. If the regimen is not recognized by WHO, or if the PEP regimen was not completed outside of the United States, then additional doses and confirmation of an adequate vaccine response may be necessary. If titers are obtained, specimens collected 2-4 weeks after preexposure or postexposure prophylaxis would be considered adequate if the titer meets or exceeds 0.5 international units per milliliter.
一般的に、受けたPEP指針が世界保健機関（WHO）［TRSへのリンク］に承認されている場合、それ以上の医療は必要ない。指針がWHOに承認されていない場合、またはPEP指針が米国外で完了していない場合は、追加の投与と十分なワクチン反応の確認が必要になる場合がある。抗体価が測定される場合、曝露前または曝露後予防から2～4週間後に採取された検体は、抗体価が0.5国際単位/ml以上であれば適切とみなされる。
Purified equine rabies immune globulin (ERIG) has been used effectively in developing countries where HRIG might not have been available. The occurrence of adverse reactions has been low, and most of reactions which occurred were minor. In addition, unpurified anti-rabies serum might still be used in some countries where neither HRIG nor ERIG are available. The use of this anti-rabies serum is associated with higher rates of serious adverse reactions, including anaphylaxis. Monoclonal antibodies have been proposed as an alternative to rabies immune globulin. Use of this product is only advised, if it is licensed in the country where it was administered.
精製ウマ狂犬病免疫グロブリン（ERIG）は、HRIGが入手できない可能性のある発展途上国で効果的に使用されている。副作用の発生率は低く、発生した反応のほとんどは軽微であった。さらに、HRIGまたはERIGが入手できない一部の国では、未精製の抗狂犬病血清が依然として使用されている可能性がある。この抗狂犬病血清の使用は、アナフィラキシーを含む重篤な副作用の発生率の上昇と関連している。モノクローナル抗体は、狂犬病免疫グロブリンの代替として提案されている。この製品の使用は、投与された国で承認されている場合にのみ推奨される。
Although no PEP failures have occurred in the United States since cell culture vaccines have been routinely used, failures have occurred abroad when some deviation was made from the recommended PEP protocol or when less than the currently recommended amount of rabies immune globulin (RIG) was administered. Specifically, patients who contracted rabies after PEP did not have their wounds cleansed with soap and water, received rabies vaccines in the gluteal area, and/or did not receive RIG around the wound site.
米国では細胞培養ワクチンが日常的に使用されるようになってからPEPの失敗は発生していないが、海外では推奨されるPEPプロトコルから逸脱した場合、または現在推奨されている狂犬病免疫グロブリン（RIG）の量よりも少ない量が投与された場合に失敗が発生している。具体的には、PEP後に狂犬病に感染した患者は、創傷を石鹸と水で洗浄していなかった、臀部に狂犬病ワクチンを接種した、および／または創傷部位の周囲にRIGを接種していなかった、といった状況である。
For more information about PEP, also see the international WHO guidelines for rabies postexposure treatment.
PEP の詳細については、狂犬病暴露後治療に関する WHO ガイドラインも参照のこと。
"Rabies Symptoms and Specimen Collection
狂犬病の症状と検体採取
Key points
- Always consult with local and state public health officials before collecting samples for human rabies diagnosis.
- Rabies is a severe, acute disease that typically leads to death within four weeks of symptom onset.
要点
"Symptoms of rabies
狂犬病の症状
After a rabies exposure, the rabies virus must travel to the brain before it can cause symptoms. This time between exposure and the appearance of symptoms is the incubation period. It may last for weeks to months. The incubation period may vary based on:
- the location of the exposure site (how far away it is from the brain),
- the severity of exposure (how much virus entered the body),
- the age of the patient (younger children may have shortened incubation periods), and
- whether the person had ever received a rabies vaccine.
狂犬病に感染した後、狂犬病ウイルスが脳に到達しなければ症状を発症しない。感染から症状が現れるまでの期間が潜伏期である。潜伏期は数週間から数ヶ月続くことがある。潜伏期は以下の要因によって異なる。
- 感染部位（脳からの距離）、
- 感染の程度（体内に侵入したウイルスの量）、
- 患者の年齢（低年齢の子供は潜伏期間が短い場合がある）
- 狂犬病ワクチンの接種歴の有無
The 1st symptoms of rabies, called prodrome, may be like the flu, including weakness, discomfort, fever, or headache. There also may be discomfort, prickling, or an itching sensation at the site of the bite. These symptoms may last for several days. Usually, severe disease appears within 2 weeks of the 1st symptoms, when the rabies virus causes brain dysfunction. Rabies symptoms in humans may include one or more of the following:
- Anxiety
- Insomnia
- Confusion
- Agitation
- Delirium
- Hallucinations
- Hydrophobia (fear of water)
- Hypersalivation
- Seizures
狂犬病の最初の症状は前駆症状と呼ばれ、インフルエンザに似た症状（脱力感、不快感、発熱、頭痛など）が現れることがある。また、咬傷部位に不快感、チクチク感、痒みを感じることもある。これらの症状は数日間続くことがある。通常、最初の症状が現れてから2週間以内に重症化し、狂犬病ウイルスが脳機能障害を引き起こす。人間における狂犬病の症状は、以下の症状のうち1つ以上が含まれる。
- 不安
- 不眠症
- 混乱
- 興奮
- せん妄
- 幻覚
- 恐水症（水への恐怖）
- 流涎過多
- 発作
Once clinical signs of rabies appear, the disease is nearly always fatal, and treatment is typically supportive. Less than 20 cases of human survival from clinical rabies have been documented. Only a few survivors had no history of rabies vaccination before disease onset.
狂犬病の臨床症状が現れると、ほぼ必ず致命的となり、治療は通常、支持療法となる。臨床症状を呈した狂犬病からの生存例は20例未満しか記録されていない。発症前に狂犬病ワクチン接種歴がなかった生存者はごくわずかである。
"When to consider rabies in an ill patient
患者が狂犬病であることを考慮すべき場合
Rabies causes encephalitis in infected patients. Rabies should be considered in patients with encephalitis of unknown origin, particularly if there is a history of animal exposure.
Patient history, duration of illness, and laboratory tests for other common etiologies of encephalitis will help determine if rabies diagnostic testing should be pursued.
- Patient history is important to identify possible exposure to rabies; however, rabies should never be ruled out based solely on the absence of definite exposure history.
- Rabies presents as a severe, acute illness with hospitalization required within days to just several weeks of initial symptom onset.
- Rabies is rare in the U.S., and other more common causes of encephalitis should be ruled out before pursuing rabies testing.
狂犬病は感染患者に脳炎を引き起こす。原因不明の脳炎を呈する患者、特に動物との接触歴がある場合は、狂犬病を考慮する必要がある。
患者の病歴、罹病期間、および脳炎の他の一般的な病因に関する臨床検査は、狂犬病の診断検査を行うべきかどうかを判断するのに役立つ。
- 患者の病歴は、狂犬病への曝露の可能性を特定する上で重要であるが、明確な曝露歴がないという理由だけで狂犬病を除外してはならない。
- 狂犬病は重篤な急性疾患であり、最初の症状発現から数日から数週間以内に入院が必要となる。
- 米国では狂犬病はまれであるため、狂犬病検査を行う前に、脳炎の他のより一般的な原因を除外する必要がある。
"Positive indicators for rabies
狂犬病と判断できる指標
- Nonspecific prodrome phase prior to onset of neurologic signs
- Neurologic signs consistent with encephalitis or myelitis:
o Includes Dysphagia, Hydrophobia, Paresis, and Autonomic instability.
- Progression of neurologic signs
- Negative test results for other etiologies of encephalitis:
o Includes Herpesvirus, Arboviruses, Enteroviruses, Autoimmune disorders, Certain cancers.
o 嚥下困難、恐水症、麻痺、自律神経不安定症を含む。
o ヘルペスウイルス、アルボウイルス、エンテロウイルス、自己免疫疾患、特定の癌を含む。
"Negative Indicators for rabies
狂犬病を否定する指標
- Improvement or no change in neurologic status after several weeks of illness
- Illness persisting greater than 4 weeks
- A diagnosis of an alternative cause for encephalitis
- 数週間の罹病後、神経学的状態が改善したあるいは変化しなかった
- 4週間以上病状が持続する
- 脳炎の原因として他の病気と診断された
"Antemortem testing
生前検査
The state health department should always be consulted before collecting and submitting samples to the National Rabies Reference Laboratory at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). After consulting with the state health department, any remaining questions can be directed to the Rabies Duty Officer at CDC by calling 404-639-1050.
For more information about how to submit specimens to CDC, see Submitting Specimens for Rabies Testing. The following instructions will guide you in collecting samples for rabies testing.
検体を採取し、CDCの国立狂犬病リファレンスラボラトリーに提出する前に、必ず州保健局に相談すること。州保健局に相談した後も、不明な点があれば、CDCの狂犬病担当官（404-639-1050）に問い合わせること。
CDCへの検体の提出方法の詳細については、「狂犬病検査のための検体の提出」を参照のこと。以下の手順は、狂犬病検査のための検体の採取方法を案内するものである。
"Antemortem samples
生前検体
To rule out rabies before death, all 4 of the listed samples must be collected. Without all samples, a definitive rule-out cannot be provided. Testing should only be conducted at a public health laboratory qualified to conduct this testing. Commercial laboratories should not be used for testing patients suspected of having rabies.
死亡前に狂犬病を除外するには、以下に記載されている4つの検体すべてを採取する必要がある。すべての検体が採取されなければ、確定的な除外診断はできない。検査は、この検査を実施できる資格を持つ公衆衛生研究所でのみ実施すること。狂犬病の疑いのある患者の検査には、民間の研究所は利用するべきではない。
"Saliva
唾液
Saliva is intermittently shed in patients with rabies. Serial collection of 4 or more samples over 24 hours may be necessary. Using a sterile eyedropper pipette, collect saliva and place it in a small sterile container that can be sealed securely. No preservatives or additional material should be added.
狂犬病患者は唾液を断続的に分泌する。24時間以内に4回以上の連続採取が必要となる場合がある。滅菌済みのスポイトピペットを用いて唾液を採取し、密閉できる小型の滅菌容器に保管すること。防腐剤やその他の物質を添加しないこと。
The laboratory should conduct tests to detect rabies RNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of extracted nucleic acids. Tracheal aspirates and sputum are not suitable for rabies tests, and contamination with blood can reduce test accuracy.
検査室では、抽出した核酸を用いて逆転写ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応（RT-PCR）により狂犬病RNAを検出する検査を実施する必要がある。気管吸引液や痰は狂犬病検査には適しておらず、血液の混入は検査精度を低下させる可能性がある。
"Skin Biopsy
皮膚生検
A section of skin 5 to 6 mm in diameter should be taken from the posterior region of the neck at the hairline. The biopsy specimen must contain a minimum of 10 hair follicles and be of sufficient depth to include the cutaneous nerves at the base of the follicle. Place the specimen on a piece of sterile gauze moistened with sterile water and place in a sealed container. Do not add preservatives or additional fluids.
後頸部の生え際から、直径5～6mmの皮膚片を採取する。生検標本には少なくとも10個の毛包が含まれ、毛包基部の皮膚神経を含む十分な深さが必要である。標本は滅菌水で湿らせた滅菌ガーゼに置き、密閉容器に入れる。防腐剤やその他の液体を加えないこと
Laboratory tests to be performed include RT-PCR and immunofluorescent staining for viral antigen in frozen sections of the biopsy.
ラボでの検査には、RT-PCR検査と生検標本の凍結切片を用いたウイルス抗原に対する免疫蛍光染色検査が含まれる。
"Serum
血清
At least 0.5 ml of serum should be collected; no preservatives should be added. Do not send whole blood. If no vaccine or rabies immune serum has been given, the presence of antibodies to rabies virus in the serum can confirm a diagnosis of rabies.
Laboratory tests for antibodies include an indirect fluorescent antibody test and a virus neutralization test.
少なくとも0.5 mLの血清を採取すること。防腐剤は添加しないこと。全血は送付しないこと。ワクチン接種または狂犬病免疫血清の接種を受けていない場合は、血清中に狂犬病ウイルスに対する抗体が存在することで狂犬病の診断が確定する。
抗体の検査法には、間接蛍光抗体法とウイルス中和試験法がある。
"Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)
脳脊髄液（CSF）
At least 0.5 ml of CSF should be collected; no preservatives should be added. Antibody to rabies virus in the CSF, regardless of the immunization history, suggests a rabies virus infection. Laboratory tests for antibodies include an indirect fluorescent antibody test and a virus neutralization test.
少なくとも0.5 mLのCSFを採取する必要がある。防腐剤は添加しないこと。CSF中に狂犬病ウイルスに対する抗体が検出された場合、予防接種歴に関わらず、狂犬病ウイルス感染が疑われる。抗体の検査には、間接蛍光抗体法とウイルス中和試験法がある。
Rabies virus, antigen, and RNA are rarely found in CSF; therefore antigen and molecular test methods are not routinely performed.
狂犬病ウイルス、抗原、RNAがCSF中に検出されることはまれであるため、抗原検査や分子生物学的検査は日常的に行われていない。
"Brain Biopsy
脳生検
The rarity of rabies and the lack of an effective treatment make the collection of a brain biopsy for antemortem testing unwarranted; however, biopsy samples negative for herpes encephalitis should be tested for evidence of rabies infection. The biopsy is placed in a sterile sealed container; do not add preservatives or additional fluids. Laboratory tests to be performed include RT-PCR and immunofluorescent staining for viral antigen in touch impressions.
狂犬病は稀であり、効果的な治療法がないことから、生前検査のために脳生検を正当な理由はない。しかし、ヘルペスウイルス脳炎陰性である生検検体は、狂犬病感染の証拠を調べるために検査する必要がある。生検検体は滅菌密封容器に入れ、防腐剤や追加の液体を加えてはならない。実施する検査には、RT-PCR検査と、スタンプ標本におけるウイルス抗原の免疫蛍光染色検査が含まれる。
"Postmortem samples
死語検査の検体
In certain cases, human samples may need to be tested for rabies after the patient has died. Before sending any samples to the Rabies Laboratory at the CDC, it's important to consult with the state health department. Fresh tissue samples from the central nervous system (brain) should be submitted.
場合によっては、患者の死亡後にヒト検体の狂犬病検査が必要となることがある。CDCの狂犬病検査ラボに検体を送付する前に、州保健局に相談することが重要である。中枢神経系（脳）から採取した新鮮な組織検体が提出されるべきである。
Postmortem diagnosis of rabies is made by immunofluorescent staining of viral antigen in touch impressions of the medulla (brain stem), the cerebellum, and the hippocampus. Fresh, non-formalin-fixed tissues are preferred. Preservation of tissues by fixation in formalin may reduce the accuracy of rabies diagnosis.
狂犬病の死後診断は、髄質（脳幹）、小脳、海馬の触診標本におけるウイルス抗原の免疫蛍光染色によって行われる。新鮮な、ホルマリン固定されていない組織が望ましい。ホルマリン固定による組織保存は、狂犬病診断の精度を低下させる可能性がある。
Rabies is a viral disease that is fatal if untreated before symptoms start.
狂犬病は、症状が現れる前に治療しないと致命的となるウイルス性疾患である。
Rabies spreads to people and pets through bites or scratches from infected animals.
Patients who have encountered an animal which could have rabies need to be assessed for rabies exposure.
If your patient has been potentially exposed to rabies, they need to receive rabies-related medical care, called postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), right away." (Extracted from https://www.cdc.gov/rabies)
Rabies is deadly disease and should be taken quite seriously. Please protect your pets by keeping their vaccinations current.
狂犬病は、感染した動物に咬まれたり引っかかれたりすることで人やペットに感染する。
狂犬病に感染している可能性のある動物に遭遇した患者は、狂犬病曝露の有無を評価する必要がある。
もし患者が狂犬病に曝露された可能性がある場合は、直ちに曝露後予防（PEP）と呼ばれる狂犬病関連医療措置を受ける必要がある。（https://www.cdc.gov/rabies より抜粋）
狂犬病は致死的な病気であり、非常に深刻な問題として捉えられるべきである。ワクチン接種を最新の状態に保ち、ペットを守ること。
Mod.TG（モデレーターTG）
See Also
RABIES (46): (BOLIVIA, USA) PIG, HORSE, BOBCAT, CAT, BAT, FOX, HUMAN EXPOSURE
5/1/2025, 1:09:29 AM GMT+9 - Municipal Health Chief Wilson Moscoso confirmed this Friday [28 Mar 2025] the detection of the first case of swine rabies in the municipality of Sucre, a development putting health authorities on alert. The case was identified in the Pampa Huasi area of District 6, in a 6-month-old female pig. According to Moscoso, the positive diagnosis was confirmed after laboratory tests conducted by the Municipal Zoonosis Program, in coordination with the Departmental Health Service (SEDES). The owners ...
RABIES (98): AMERICAS (USA) BAT, RACCOON, OTTER, CAT, HUMAN EXPOSURE
12/2/2024, 3:49:22 AM GMT+9 - "Key points - Rabies PEP includes wound washing, human rabies immune globulin (HRIG), and a 4-dose series of vaccines. - Never administer HRIG and the first dose of rabies vaccine into the same anatomical site. - People with a confirmed or suspected immune disorder require a fifth dose of vaccine and serological confirmation that an adequate response to vaccination occurred. "The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) develops the US recommendations about how to use vaccines ...
RABIES (92): AMERICAS (SOUTH AMERICA, USA) CAT, RACCOON, BAT, DOG, SKUNK, HUMAN EXPOSURE
11/12/2024, 12:32:31 AM GMT+9 - A man died of rabies, health authorities in Santa Cruz confirmed. According to the report, when the patient presented the first symptoms he received treatment initially in Camiri, then was transferred to the capital of Santa Cruz, where he died. "Rabies is 100% lethal. There is no treatment; there is no cure. It is a disease that has an incubation period, sometimes short and other times very long," said the mayor of Camiri, David Anzaldo, in a local Camiri media outlet. The authorities ...
RABIES (87): AMERICAS (CANADA, USA) RACCOON, BAT, SKUNK, CALF, CAT, DOG, HUMAN, FATAL
10/17/2024, 1:55:01 AM GMT+9 - A child in the Canadian province of Ontario has died from rabies after being exposed to a bat in their bedroom, Canadian health officials have said. The death was made public by Dr Malcolm Lock of the Haldimand-Norfolk Health Unit, who told councillors at a board meeting on Wednesday [2 Oct 2024] the unnamed child was exposed to the virus in an area north of Sudbury. "They woke up with a bat in their bedroom," Dr Lock said, adding the parents did not see signs of a bite or scratches and ...
RABIES (86): NORTH AMERICA (USA) GROUNDHOG
10/9/2024, 1:28:53 PM GMT+9 - Three groundhogs in Frederick County have tested positive for rabies within the past 3 months, according to the Frederick County Health Department. On Friday [4 Oct 2024], the Frederick County Health Department (FCHD) received confirmation that a 3rd groundhog tested positive for the rabies virus. Health officials stated that Frederick County Animal Control collected this groundhog from a dog fight in the Willowcrest Neighborhood on Thursday [3 Oct 2024]. The FCHD stated, "Finding ...
RABIES (81): AMERICAS: (USA) BAT EXPOSURE, FATAL
9/28/2024, 10:56:45 PM GMT+9 - A Minnesota resident who came into contact with a bat in July [2024] died of rabies, the state's department of health announced Friday [27 Sep 2024]. The person's death marks a rare occurrence, as fewer than 10 people in the USA die from rabies each year, according to the CDC. The person is over the age of 65 and was exposed to a bat in western Minnesota in July, the Minnesota Department of Health said. CDC officials confirmed the rabies diagnosis at its lab in Atlanta on 20 Sep [2024]. In ...
RABIES (78): AMERICAS, HUMAN, BAT, CAT, RACCOON, FOX, COW
9/12/2024, 2:02:49 AM GMT+9 - Today [6 Sep 2024], Dr. Kieran Moore, chief medical officer of health, issued the following statement: "Brant County Health Unit has received laboratory confirmation of a human case of rabies in a resident of Brantford-Brant. The illness is suspected to have been acquired from direct contact with a bat in Ontario. To ensure privacy for the family, no further information about the individual will be released. "As a precaution, family members, healthcare providers, and other close contacts ...
RABIES (77): CANADA (ONTARIO) HUMAN CASE, BAT EXPOSURE
9/10/2024, 10:41:13 PM GMT+9 - "Rabies encephalitis has plagued humankind for thousands of years. In developed countries, access to preventive care, both pre-exposure and post-exposure, has significantly reduced the burden of suffering and disease. However, around the world, rabies remains a neglected tropical disease, largely due to uncontrolled dog rabies, and tens of thousands perish each year. Currently, the standard of care for management of rabies encephalitis is palliation. Heroic attempts to treat human rabies ...
RABIES (72): NORTH AMERICA (USA) DOG, RACCOON, FOX, BAT, BOBCAT, HUMAN EXPOSURE
9/2/2024, 10:40:48 PM GMT+9 - Cumberland County officials are warning the public to protect their pets against rabies after the North Carolina Public Health Lab confirmed a case of rabies off Strickland Bridge Road, a news release said. Cumberland County Animal Services said a resident reported their dog was in a fight with a raccoon in the 6200 block of Withers Drive on Saturday [17 Aug 2024], the release said. The dog killed the raccoon during the fight and did not sustain any injuries, according to the ...
RABIES (65): NORTH AMERICA (CANADA, USA) ANIMAL AND HUMAN EXPOSURE
8/15/2024, 1:53:09 AM GMT+9 - "Our staff wanted to do their due diligence because the visitor had expressed a desire to conduct the testing," Kris Anne Bonifacio, public information officer for the state's Division of Parks and Recreation, said in an email to NC Health News. [CH] said she never saw a notification from the Durham County Department of Public Health that a rabid raccoon was found on the trail. She said the only warning she saw was signs posted at the park a couple of days after she was bitten, warning ...
RABIES (64): NORTH AMERICA (USA) MULTIPLE STATES AND ANIMALS, HUMAN EXPOSURE
8/8/2024, 1:32:30 AM GMT+9 - Two people were recently attacked by a rabid fox in Grovetown and another rabid racoon was found in Martinez. On 1 Jul 2024, a fox attacked 2 people near Cheryl Ann Drive and Gordon Highway, according to a news release from the Columbia County Health Department. The fox was killed by a property owner and collected by Columbia County Animal Services, according to the release. Columbia County Environmental Health sent the specimen to the Georgia Public Health Laboratory (GPHL) in Waycross ...
RABIES (58): SOUTH AMERICA (URUGUAY) NORTH AMERICA (USA) BOBCAT, FOX, CAT, HUMAN EXPOSURE AND MORE
7/10/2024, 10:31:03 PM GMT+9 - Yesterday [5 July 2024], The Veterinary Laboratories Directorate (DILAVE) of the MGAP confirmed a positive case of rabies in a cat living in the city of Salto. The domestic feline showed an acute change in behavior characterized by aggressiveness before suddenly dying. Although Uruguay has not recorded cases of human rabies since 1966 and the last case of canine rabies occurred in 1983, the virus remains active in hematophagous and insectivorous bats, implying a constant risk of ...
RABIES (55): NORTH AMERICA (CANADA, USA) BAT, SKUNK, CAT, DOG, RACCOON, CATTLE, HUMAN EXPOSURE
6/26/2024, 10:38:38 PM GMT+9 - Huron Perth Public Health is reporting a bat in Stratford has tested positive for rabies. It's the 1st bat to test positive in the counties this year [2024]. A person was bitten by the bat and is receiving rabies post-exposure treatment, to prevent development of a rabies infection. Rabies is a viral disease fatal to humans. Huron Perth Public Health reminds everyone to avoid exposure to bats and to contact the health unit if exposed. Public health inspector Patrick Landry said ...
RABIES (53): NORTH AMERICA (USA) FOX, BAT, CAT, DOG, WOODCHUCK, RACCOON, HUMAN EXPOSURE
6/18/2024, 1:59:13 AM GMT+9 - The Montgomery County Sheriff's Office reports a fox that bit several people in the Amsterdam area has been caught, tested, and found to be positive for rabies. The sheriff's office reminds the public that it is imperative to remain vigilant when outside. Report any strange behavior or bites from an animal to public health and local law enforcement immediately, and seek medical treatment as soon as possible. Here are some tips to help avoid rabies: 1. **Avoid Contact with Wild ...
RABIES (40): NORTH AMERICA (USA) RACCOON, FOX, COW, BAT, HUMAN EXPOSURE
4/28/2024, 12:24:09 AM GMT+9 - Several counties surrounding Bexar County appear to be experiencing bumps in the number of rabies cases, though a state veterinarian says it's not enough to qualify as a spike. Hundreds of cases of the often fatal disease are reported in Texas, typically in wild animals like skunks, bats, foxes and raccoons. But less than 4 months into 2024, Comal, Guadalupe, Kerr and Kendall Counties have all reported roughly as many, or even more, cases than they have in entire recent years. Kerr ...
RABIES (35): NORTH AMERICA (USA) RACCOON, CAT, DOG, COW, HUMAN EXPOSURE
4/14/2024, 1:38:23 AM GMT+9 - The 1st positive rabies case was identified in Cleveland County this week, according to the Cleveland County Health Department. On Monday [18 Mar 2024], the Health Department was notified of a raccoon that tested positive for the virus, according to a press release. The animal, which was found on Burke Road, in Shelby, is the 1st rabid animal identified in the county this year [2024]. Any person bitten or exposed to potentially infectious saliva from this animal should contact their ...
RABIES (32): NORTH AMERICA (USA) RACCOON, CAT, FOX, BAT, DOG, COYOTE, HUMAN EXPOSURE
4/1/2024, 11:44:07 PM GMT+9 - The first positive rabies case was identified in Cleveland County this week, according to the Cleveland County Health Department. On Monday [18 Mar 2024], the Health Department was notified of a raccoon that tested positive for the virus, according to a press release. The animal, which was found on Burke Road in Shelby, is the first rabid animal identified in the county this year [2024]. Any person bitten or exposed to potentially infectious saliva from this animal should contact their ...
RABIES (30): NORTH AMERICA (MEXICO, USA) CAT, FOX, DOG AND HUMAN EXPOSURE, FATAL
3/28/2024, 10:03:08 PM GMT+9 - The federal government confirmed the first case of human rabies in Quintana Roo, resulting from a cat bite in Cancun. The victim, a 67-year-old person who was bitten in January [2024], died last February at the IMSS General Hospital. The results were announced through an official letter from the National Center for Preventive Programs and Disease Control (CENAPRECE), which reported the analyses carried out by the Institute of Epidemiological Diagnosis and Reference (InDRE) tested positive ...
RABIES (28): NORTH AMERICA (USA) RACCOON, OTTER, CAT, SKUNK, DOGS, HUMAN EXPOSURE
3/20/2024, 2:20:28 AM GMT+9 - Environmental Health Services of the Garrett County Health Department reports the 1st case of laboratory-confirmed rabies for 2024. The raccoon and dog encounter occurred on 29 Feb 2024, near the Grantsville area. The dog, whose rabies vaccination was current, found itself in an altercation with a raccoon during the morning of 28 Feb 2024. The raccoon was successfully euthanized and submitted for rabies testing to the Maryland Department of Health Rabies Laboratory shortly after the ...
RABIES (23): NORTH AMERICA (USA) SKUNK, RACCOON, CAT, COW, DOG, BOBCAT, FOX, HUMAN EXPOSURE
3/14/2024, 3:25:46 AM GMT+9 - The South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (DHEC) confirmed a raccoon and a skunk from 2 different counties have tested positive for rabies. - A raccoon found near Deaton and Market streets in Ruby, SC, has tested positive for rabies. No people are known to have been exposed at this time. One dog was exposed and will be quarantined as required in the South Carolina Rabies Control Act. - A skunk found near Harper Road and Connelly Werth Lane in Pendleton, SC, has ...
RABIES (21): NORTH AMERICA (USA) BAT, HORSE, DOG, RACCOON, CAT, HUMAN EXPOSURE
3/9/2024, 1:52:59 AM GMT+9 - The Anne Arundel County Department of Health is seeking anyone who may have come in contact with a bat near the intersection of Frostwood Drive and Finchleigh Street in Laurel. The bat was found on 21 Feb 2024 and tested positive for rabies. Typically, the Anne Arundel County Department of Health does not send out alerts for bats testing positive for rabies, but the circumstances in this situation are different. We had concerns several children may have been in contact with the bat. If ...
RABIES (15): NORTH AMERICA (USA) COYOTE, DOG, KITTEN, RACCOON, HUMAN EXPOSURE
2/24/2024, 1:28:56 AM GMT+9 - Records from the Nevada Division of Wildlife Law Enforcement details the moments that a 2-year-old girl was bit by a coyote at Lake Las Vegas the beginning of this year [2024]. On Tuesday, 9 Jan 2024, the grandfather of the child called NDOW dispatch reporting she was bitten by a coyote around 10 a.m. He told wardens the coyote bit the right lower leg of his granddaughter. In the record, he told officials the coyote tried to drag her away, but was unsuccessful. He said her mother ...
RABIES (09): NORTH AMERICA (USA) FOX, DOG, SKUNK, CAT, COW, HUMAN EXPOSURE
2/4/2024, 2:54:23 AM GMT+9 - Saguaro National Park officials are urging visitors to use caution due to the possibility of wildlife infected with rabies. The warning comes 2 days after a 66-year-old woman was bitten and scratched by a bobcat on the east side of the park located near Tucson. In addition to the attack, park staff have received reports of dead animals and "strange wildlife behavior" involving foxes and raccoons and believe rabies is a possible cause. Workers recently found several dead foxes, but officials ...
RABIES (06): NORTH AMERICA (USA) OTTER, RACCOON, CAT, DOG, SKUNK, FOX, HUMAN EXPOSURE
1/18/2024, 2:55:40 AM GMT+9 - County officials are strongly urging residents to learn how to recognize a potentially rabid animal and to teach their children to never play with unknown animals either wild or domestic. Madison County Department of Health's Aaron Lazzara warned, "We are seeing more rabid animals this year than the last 2 years combined." Additionally, officials urged pet owners to be aware of the growing number of reports of wild animals infected with rabies and ensure their pets are protected. [Be ...
RABIES (03): NORTH AMERICA (USA) CAT, SKUNK, DOG, BAT, RACCOON, FOX, HORSE, HUMAN EXPOSURE
1/13/2024, 2:14:32 AM GMT+9 - A feral cat has tested positive for rabies according to the Greenbrier County Health Department (GCHD). The cat was found in the downtown White Sulphur Springs area of Greenbrier County. The GCHD advises people to be vigilant and not to pet, feed, or house astray animals. They also advise vaccinating all pets. People with contact with animals acting suspiciously should seek medical care and notify local officials. The GCHD asks people to spread the word about vigilance in dealing with ...
