※ProMEDに投稿された世界の狂犬病情報を和訳してご紹介します。和訳は正確を期していますが、必ず原文をご参照下さい。
RABIES (37): AMERICAS (CANADA, USA) BAT, FOX, HUMAN
In this update:
Canada
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[1] British Columbia: bat, human death USA
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[2] Virginia: bat, human exposure
[3] Alabama: bat, human exposure
[4] South Carolina: fox, human exposure
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Canada
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［1］ブリティッシュコロンビア：コウモリ，ヒトの死亡
[1] British Columbia: bat, human death
Date: Mon 15 Jul 2019
Source: The Star Phoenix [edited] <https://thestarphoenix.com/news/national/b-c-man-dies-of-rare-viral-rabies-infection-after-contact-with-bat/wcm/c6bc9a59-2b63-4461-93e0-ac01def84d9e>
A British Columbia man has died of a rare viral rabies infection, the 1st such case in the province since 2003. Provincial health officer Dr. Bonnie Henry says the man was in contact with a bat in mid-May [2019] and developed symptoms compatible with rabies 6 weeks later. She says in a news release that while the exposure in this case was on Vancouver Island, bats in all areas of BC are known to carry rabies.
ブリティッシュコロンビア州の男性が，稀な感染症である狂犬病で死亡した．この症例は，同州では2003年以来初めてである．州健康局担当官Dr. Bonnie Henryは，その男性は2019年5月中旬にコウモリと接触し，6週間後に狂犬病に合致する症状を発症したと述べた．担当官は，報道発表の中で，ブリティッシュコロンビア州全域においてコウモリが狂犬病媒介動物であることが知られており，この症例はバンクーバー島で暴露したと述べた．
The Health Ministry is not releasing further information about the man to ensure privacy for his family. The news release says family members, close, and healthcare workers who cared for the man are being assessed and given post-exposure rabies preventative measures if needed. Overall in Canada, there have been only 24 known cases of viral rabies infections since the 1920s, and the most recent cases were in Ontario in 2012 and Alberta in 2007.
保健省は，遺族のプライバシーを保護するため，死亡した男性について詳細を公表していない．報道発表では，家族，密接に接触した地域住民，そして男性を治療した医療関係者は，調査されるとともに必要に応じて狂犬病暴露後予防が行われた．狂犬病ウイルス感染症はカナダ全土で，1920年代から24症例のみが確認されており，最近の症例は2012年オンタリオ州及び2007年のアルバータ州で起こった．
"If anyone in BC comes in contact with a bat (even if there is no obvious bite or scratch), wash the area with soap and water. Then consult a healthcare provider or local public health department immediately. They will assess the risk of rabies and may provide a vaccine to prevent infection," the release says. It adds that bats are the only known carriers of the rabies virus in the province, and about 13% of bats tested in BC are positive for rabies.
報道発表では，「ブリティッシュコロンビア州で，コウモリに接触したヒトは，（咬まれたり引っ掻かれたりしたことが明らかではなくても）当該部位を石鹸及び流水で洗浄し，早急に医療機関または自治体の公衆衛生部門に相談すること．担当者が狂犬病のリスク判定を行い，感染防御のため予防接種が必要とされることがある」と記載されている．また，同州の狂犬病媒介動物としてはコウモリのみが確認されており，コウモリの13％が狂犬病陽性である．
"This presents an ongoing risk for people and for companion animals, such as cats and dogs. It is important to ensure pets' rabies vaccinations are up-to-date. If you believe your pet has had contact with a bat, consult your veterinarian." [Livestock such as cattle and horses are also at risk. There are vaccines for these animals as well.- Mod.TG]
「このことは，ヒトやネコ及びイヌ等の伴侶動物に対するリスクが存在していることを示している．ペットの狂犬病予防接種を確実に更新することが重要である．もし，飼育しているペットがコウモリと接触した可能性があれば，掛かり付け獣医師に相談すること．」［ウシ及びウマ等の家畜もまたリスクがある．これらの動物のための予防接種もある．—Mod.TG］
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communicated by: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
[HealthMap/ProMED-mail map of Vancouver Island, British Columbia,
Canada: <http://healthmap.org/promed/p/368>]
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USA
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［2］バージニア州：コウモリ，ヒト暴露
[2] Virginia: bat, human exposure
Date: Fri 12 Jul 2019
Source: NBC Washington [edited] <https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/Bat-With-Rabies-May-Have-Infected-People-in-Manassas-512634831.html>
An injured bat collected from Calico Jack's bath and body company in Manassas, Virginia, tested positive for rabies and may have infected anyone who handled the bat before officers arrived, according to the Manassas City Police Department. On the afternoon of [Sat 6 Jul 2019], an animal control officer with Manassas police responded to a call at 9115 Center St. -- Calico Jack's -- for an injured bat, police said in a press release. After the bat was retrieved from the store, it was found to be rabies-positive.
バージニア州マナッサス市警察によると，マナッサスにあるCalico Jack’s bath and body companyで回収された，傷ついたコウモリが狂犬病検査で陽性が証明された．そのコウモリは，担当官が到着する前にコウモリを取り扱ったヒトを感染させた可能性がある．［2019年7月6日土曜日］午後，マナッサス市警察動物管理担当官が，Center St. 9115 — Calico Jack’s —からの傷ついたコウモリの通報に応答したと，報道発表で述べた．そのコウモリは，店舗から回収された後，狂犬病陽性である事を確認された．
Rabies is a viral disease affecting the central nervous system and can be deadly if left untreated, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. It can be spread to people and their pets if they are bitten or scratched by an animal with the disease, which is transmitted through the saliva of the infected animal.
狂犬病の説明のため省略
Manassas police believe unknown people physically handled the infected bat before the animal control officer arrived and are warning the public that anyone in contact with the animal is at high risk for rabies and serious health-related issues.
マナッサス警察は，動物管理担当官が到着する前に感染したコウモリと身体的な接触のあったヒトは狂犬病及び深刻な健康被害が生じる危険性が高いと考えており，その動物に触った可能性のあるヒトを対象として警告を発信している．
The 1st symptoms of rabies can feel like the flu and include general weakness or discomfort, fever, or a headache, CDC says. The bite from the infected animal may also itch or prickle.
狂犬病の説明のため省略
According to CDC, the treatment for rabies, known as postexposure prophylaxis, or PEP, should be administered as soon as possible after exposure to the disease, so it is vital anyone who handled the bat seek medical attention immediately.
狂犬病の説明のため省略
Manassas police are asking anyone who came in contact with the bat to immediately contact the Prince William Health District at 703-792-7329, as well as senior animal control officer Daigle at 703-257-8102.
マナッサス警察は，そのコウモリに接触したヒトは，早急にPrince William地区保健局（703-792-7329），または上級動物管理担当官のDaigle（703-257-8102）まで連絡するように求めている．
[byline: Maggie More]
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communicated by: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
[HealthMap/ProMED-mail map of Manassas, Virginia, United States:
<http://healthmap.org/promed/p/6718>]
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アラバマ州：コウモリ，ヒト暴露
[3] Alabama: bat, human exposure
Date: Fri 12 Jul 2019
Source: ABC 33/40 [edited]
<https://abc3340.com/news/local/4-children-exposed-to-rabies-from-infected-bat-in-cedar-bluff>
Four Cedar Bluff children have been exposed to rabies through a bat. It happened in a Cedar Bluff neighborhood on Quail Run Drive. Animal control officers say [the children] were playing with the animal in a yard. Cherokee County Animal Control say they got the call about the bat on Monday [8 Jul 2019].
Cedar Bluffの子ども4名が，コウモリから狂犬病に暴露した．事故は，Quail Run Driveに隣接するCedar Bluffで起きた．動物管理担当官によれば，［その子どもたちは］裏庭でその動物と遊んでいた．Cherokee郡動物管理事務所によれば，そのコウモリについて［2019年7月8日］月曜日に連絡を受けた．
Neighbors say this isn't the 1st spotting of the animal. One neighbor told ABC 33/40 that he saw 2 bats in his yard last week [week of Mon 1 Jul 2019]. He says he thought it was strange because they were out during the daytime. "I could tell there was something wrong with them because they usually don't hang on stuff like that," the neighbor said. "They're usually up in trees and stuff like that. It's kind of weird." [This is confusing because we do not know what the bats were hanging on? A bush? The rafters of a barn? It is confusing and unclear what "stuff like that" really is. - Mod.TG]
近隣住民は，この事故が最初の事例では無いと述べた．ある近隣男性住民は，ABC 33/40の取材に対し，先週［2019年7月1日の週］，男性の庭で2頭のコウモリを見たと応えている．その男性は，そのコウモリ達が昼間に外にいたため，奇妙に感じたと述べた．その男性は，「コウモリ達が，通常そんな風に(訳者注：昼間に庭で物に？)ぶら下がっていることはないので，何かおかしかったと言える」，「コウモリ達は通常，こんな感じで木などの中にいるから，ちょっと不思議な感じがした」と話した．［この記載は混乱しているため，我々にはこのコウモリが何に捕まっているか分からない，低木なのか，納屋の垂木なのか．“そんな感じのもの”が，実際何なのかが分かりづらく不明瞭である—Mod.TG］
Animal control officers say people should report animals displaying strange behavior like that [Being in a yard in the daytime would qualify as strange behavior "like that". - Mod.TG] It's also important to not handle any wildlife. Dr Robert Jeremy Deaton, Cherokee County veterinarian, says it's a good idea to vaccinate your pets. "They can pick up the disease and then transmit it to humans if they're not vaccinated," Dr. Deaton said.
動物管理担当官は，動物がこの様な異常行動を呈した場合，報告すべきであると述べた［日中に庭に居ることは，“この様な”異常行動と見なせる—Mod.TG］．全ての野生動物を触らないことも，重要である．Cherokee郡の獣医師，Dr Robert Jeremy Deatonは，ペットへのワクチン接種は得策である，「ワクチン接種をしていない場合，ペットが病気にかかり，それをヒトへうつすことがある」と述べた．
ABC 33/40 spoke with the grandfather of 2 of the children who were exposed. He says he doesn't believe his grandchildren were bitten by the bat. However, they are receiving the rabies post-exposure vaccine as a precaution. The Alabama Department of Public Health released information on the dangers of handling bats and more information on rabies. [It should be noted there are no health risks to the general public, only to those who came into contact with the bat. However, everyone should be alert for bats and other animals acting strangely.
- Mod.TG]
ABC 33/40は，暴露した子どもたちのうち2名の祖父にインタビューした．祖父は孫達がコウモリに咬まれたとは考えられないと述べた．しかし，予防策として子供たちは暴露後接種を受けている．アラバマ州公衆衛生局は，コウモリに接触する危険性及び狂犬病に関する追加情報を公表した［広く一般的な問題ではなく，コウモリと接触するヒトのみに関わる問題である事に注意すべきである．しかし，全てのヒトは異常行動をするコウモリ及びそれ以外の動物に注意すべきである—Mod.TG］．
[byline: Byron Khalil]
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communicated by: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
[HealthMap/ProMED-mail map of Cherokee County, Alabama, United States:
<http://healthmap.org/promed/p/22490>]
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［4］サウスカロライナ州：キツネ，ヒト暴露
[4] South Carolina: fox, human exposure
Date: Mon 15 Jul 2019
Source: Fox 28 Media [edited]
<https://fox28media.com/news/local/hampton-county-fox-potentially-exposes-1-to-rabies>
The Department of Health and Environmental Control (DHEC) reported Monday [15 Jul 2019] that one person has been referred to their healthcare provider after being potentially exposed to rabies by a fox testing positive for the disease. Officials say the potential exposures occurred [Thu 11 Jul 2019] when the victim was attacked by a fox near Varnville, SC. The fox was submitted to DHEC's laboratory for testing on 12 Jul 2019 and confirmed to have rabies on 15 Jul 2019.
［2019年7月15日］月曜日，保健環境管理局（DHEC）は，狂犬病陽性のキツネに暴露した可能性があるため，局の医療サービスに紹介されたと報告した．担当官は，被害者がサウスカロライナ州Varnville近郊でキツネに襲われた時［2019年7月11日木曜日］に暴露が起きた可能性をのべた．そのキツネは2019年7月12日に検査のためDHECの研究施設に送付され，2019年7月15日に狂犬病陽性と確定された．
"Rabies is usually transmitted through a bite, which allows saliva from an infected animal to be introduced into the body of a person or another animal; however, saliva or neural tissue contact with open wounds or areas such as the eyes, nose, or mouth could also potentially transmit rabies," said David Vaughan, director of DHEC'sOnsite Wastewater, Rabies Prevention, and Enforcement Division.
狂犬病の説明のため省略
Officials say it's important to keep pets up-to-date on their rabies vaccination, as this is one of the easiest and most effective ways to protect against this the disease. 狂犬病の説明のため省略
[byline: Marah Brock]
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communicated by: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
[HealthMap/ProMED-mail map of South Carolina, United States:
<http://healthmap.org/promed/p/242>]
狂犬病の説明のため以下省略
[Without appropriate treatment in a very timely fashion, rabies is almost always a fatal disease in human beings.
Animals exposed to rabies essentially receive a death sentence. A live animal without a record of rabies vaccination will be euthanized and tested for the virus. Please vaccinate your pets. Please keep records of these vaccination and keep the tags on your animals. It may save their lives.
Rabies vaccination for most pets is required on an annual or 3-year basis based on the age at vaccination, the number of rabies vaccinations, and the rabies burden in the area. But vaccination of your pets is a measure of protecting both your pets and you. Rabies is fatal in almost all individuals without proper post-exposureprophylaxis. Unfortunately, animals without a rabies-prevention vaccination are destined for death because there is no treatment for rabies.
Humans need to have the wound cleaned and dressed. An individual will likely need to receive post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). For people who have never been vaccinated against rabies previously, post-exposure anti-rabies vaccination should always include administration of both passive antibody and vaccine. The combination of human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) and vaccine is recommended for both bite and non-bite exposures, regardless of the interval between exposure and initiation of treatment. PEP is quite expensive, generally in the thousands of dollars in the USA, but the alternative is death. People who have been previously vaccinated or who are receiving pre-exposure vaccination for rabies should receive only vaccine.
Adverse reactions to rabies vaccine and immune globulin are not common. Newer vaccines in use today cause fewer adverse reactions than previously available vaccines. Mild, local reactions to the rabies vaccine, such as pain, redness, swelling, or itching at the injection site, have been reported. Rarely, symptoms such as headache, nausea, abdominal pain, muscle aches, and dizziness have been reported. Local pain and low-grade fever may follow injection of rabies immune globulin.
The vaccine should be given at recommended intervals for best results. Talk with your doctor or state or local public health officials if you will not be able to have the shot at the recommended interval. Rabies prevention is a serious matter, and changes should not be made in the schedule of doses.
People cannot transmit rabies to other people unless they themselves are sick with rabies. The prophylaxis you are receiving will protect you from developing rabies, and, therefore, you cannot expose other people to rabies. You should continue to participate in your normal activities.
Rabies post-exposure prophylaxis consists of a dose of human rabies immune globulin and rabies vaccine given on the day of the exposure, and then a dose of vaccine given again on days 3, 7, and 14.
If a person has previously received post-exposure vaccinations or received pre-exposure vaccinations, only 2 doses of vaccine (on the day of exposure and then 3 days later) are needed. Human rabies immune globulin is not required. Your doctor and local health department will be able to guide you through the process(<https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/medical_care/index.html>).
However, animals who have been vaccinated will need their wounds cleaned and cared for. They will be re-vaccinated and, depending upon the specific state, are likely to be quarantined for a period of time. If the bitten animal has not been vaccinated, the animal is likely to be euthanized, as it presents a risk of rabies to its owners.
The lesson is to keep your animals vaccinated. This includes your pets as well as livestock. Cattle, horses, and other animals can acquire rabies and can become very aggressive, possibly injuring or killing a human being. Check with your veterinarian regarding your state and county law on frequency of vaccination for your pets. Do not take chances with your life, the lives of your family members, or the lives of your pets or livestock. - Mod.TG]
[See Also:
Rabies (36): Americas, USA (PA, FL, NJ, SC) cat, fox, raccoon, human
exposure http://promedmail.org/post/20190707.6555131
Rabies (33): Americas, USA (AZ,NJ) cat, dog, skunk, bat, human exp
http://promedmail.org/post/20190613.6517390
Rabies (32): Americas, Brazil (PA) susp, RFI
http://promedmail.org/post/20190604.6503047
Rabies (30): Americas, USA (FL, NC) cat, fox, dog, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20190526.6488419
Rabies (28): Americas, USA, cattle, imported dogs, corr.
http://promedmail.org/post/20190512.6466342
Rabies (28): Americas (USA) cattle, imported dogs
http://promedmail.org/post/20190511.6465671
Rabies (26): Americas (USA) fox, raccoon, dog, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20190507.6459317
Rabies (15): Americas, Brazil (RS) bat, cattle
http://promedmail.org/post/20190409.6413470
Rabies (13): Americas, USA (CO, PA) dog, cow, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20190327.6390272
Rabies (12): Americas, USA (SC, CT) raccoon, dog, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20190322.6380311
Rabies (11): Americas, USA (FL) raccoon, alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20190320.6375303
Rabies (10): Americas, USA (SC) goat, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20190313.6365399
Rabies (09): Americas, USA (NY) raccoon, alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20190313.6363251
2018
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Rabies (48): Americas (USA) raccoon, human exp., susp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20180921.6044436
Rabies (37): Americas (USA) raccoon, feline, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180707.5893249
Rabies (36): Americas (USA) bat, alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20180704.5888152
Rabies (35): Americas (USA)
http://promedmail.org/post/20180701.5884464
Rabies (33): Americas (USA) bat, comment
http://promedmail.org/post/20180615.5858003
Rabies (30): Americas (USA) bat, comment
http://promedmail.org/post/20180608.5846452
Rabies (29): Americas (USA) bat, human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180606.5843054
Rabies (17): Americas (USA) bat, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20180328.5714194
Rabies (10): Americas (USA) fox, susp., human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180215.5630732
Rabies (06): Americas (USA) human, bat, canine exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180116.5562905
Rabies (05): Americas (USA) fox, susp., human exposure
http://promedmail.org/post/20180112.5556138
Rabies (04): Americas (USA, Brazil) bat, human, Milwaukee protocol
http://promedmail.org/post/20180111.5553455
2017
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Rabies (42): Americas (USA) bat, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20171002.5355205
Rabies (38): Americas (USA)
http://promedmail.org/post/20170731.5216276
Rabies (36): Americas (USA) wildlife, multiple human exposures
http://promedmail.org/post/20170725.5203948
Rabies (34): Americas (USA) bat, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20170719.5188826
Rabies (33): Americas (USA) bobcat, canine & human exposures
http://promedmail.org/post/20170718.5186364
Rabies (28): Americas (USA) bat, human exp.
http://promedmail.org/post/20170707.5157811
Rabies (27): Americas (USA) feline
http://promedmail.org/post/20170702.5145002
Rabies (23): Americas (USA)
http://promedmail.org/post/20170530.50704232016
2010
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Rabies, raccoon - USA (04): (NYC) vaccination
http://promedmail.org/post/20100217.0555
Rabies, raccoon - USA (NY) http://promedmail.org/post/20100122.0246
2009
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Rabies, raccoon - USA: New York City alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20091207.4172
and other items in the archives]
